Levend ÖZKAN, Abdulkadir TEPELER, Hikmet YAŞAR

Kadınlarda cinsel fonksiyon bozukluklarına güncel yaklaşım

Toplumda cinsellikle ilgili sorunlar ve cinsel işlev bozuklukları her ne kadar sık görülse de bunların önemli bir kısmı doktora yansıtılmamakta ve bu yüzden de çözümsüz kalmaktadır. Ülkemizde cinsel işlev bozukluklarıyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalar az sayıda olmasına rağmen son yıllarda bu yönde yapılan çalışmalarda artış görülmektedir. Kadınlardaki seksüel bozuklukların oranı erkeklerden daha fazladır (%43; %31). Buna rağmen kadın cinsel fonksiyon bozuklukları ile ilgili daha az tedavi modalitesi bulunmaktadır. Kadında en sık görülen cinsel işlev bozuklukları; seksüel ilgi/istek azalması, uyarılma bozuklukları, orgazm bozuklukları, disparoni, vajinismus ve seksüel kaygı hastalığıdır. DSM-IV-TR’de ise cinsel fonksiyon bozukluğu belirgin stres ya da eşler arası ilişki bozulmaları dikkate alınarak değerlendirilir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün tanımına göre ise cinsel sağlık; kişilik, iletişim ve aşkı arttıran yollarla cinsel varoluşun bedensel, duygusal, entellektüel ve sosyal yönlerinin bir bütünleşmesidir. Cinsellikle ilgili sorunlar bu bütünlüğün bozulmasına yol açarak, bireylerin ruhsal ve sosyal sorunlar yaşamasına sebep olur.

Current approach to sexual disfunctions in women

Even though sexual problems and sexual dysfunction are commonly observed in the society, a significant majority of the problems are not reported to the doctors, and due to this fact, remain unaddressed. In our country, the studies about sexual dysfunction are limited in number but in recent years there has been an increase in these studies. The ratio of sexual dysfunction is higher in women than the ratio in men (43%; 31%). However, there are few treatment modality about women sexual dysfunction. Most commonly observed sexual dysfunctions in women are loss of sexual interest/desire, sexual arousal dysfunctions, orgasm dysfunctions, dyspareunia, vaginismus and sexual anxiety. In DSM-IV-TR, sexual dysfunction is treated by taking stress and interfamily relation problems into consideration. According to WHO’s definition, sexual health refers the combination of physical, emotional, intellectual and social sexual existense with the techniques that would increase personality communication and love. Sexual problems damage this combination, and cause pyschological and social problems.

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