Cumali KAYA, Melih AKAR, Eser AKAL, Mesut ÇEVİK

Testiküler Doku Kriyoprezervasyonu

ÖZET Biyolojik dokuların vücut dışında canlılıklarını kaybetmeden yıllar boyunca saklanabilmesi kriyoprezervasyon aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Kriyoprezervasyon yoluyla dondurulacak hücreler, spermatogenezisi devam eden sağlıklı ve fertil hayvanlardan uygun metotlarla toplanarak elde edilebilmektedir. Günümüzde, erkek hayvanlardan suni vajen, elektroejakülatör, el ile yapılan manipülasyonlar ve epididimal işlemler sonucu elde edilen spermanın kriyoprezervasyonu ile üreme alanda başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Ancak çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı infertilite problemi olan hayvanlarda, vahşi hayvan türlerinde ve henüz pubertaya ulaşamamış hayvanlarda sperma direkt olarak elde edilemediğinden, genetik materyalin korunması ve saklanabilmesi için farklı tekniklerin arayışı içerisine girilmiştir. Testiküler dokunun kriyoprezervasyonu, farklı hayvan türlerinde üreme kapasitesinin korunmasını ve nesli tükenmekte olan türler ile henüz pubertaya ulaşmamış hayvanlarda gametlerin uzun yıllar saklanabilmesine olanak sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntemle testiküler dokulardan elde edilen spermatozoonlar veya spermatogonial kök hücreler in vitro koşullarda gelişimini tamamlayabilir ve suni tohumlama ya da in vitro fertilizasyon gibi yardımcı üreme uygulamalarında kullanılabilir. Son 30 yılda, çeşitli türlerde başarılı sonuçların alındığı testiküler doku kriyoprezervasyonu henüz optimum materyallerin ve dondurma protokollerinin geliştirilememesinden dolayı detaylı araştırmalara açık ve reprodüktif alanda başarılı ilerlemelere sebep olabilecek bir konu olma özelliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnfertilite, Kriyoprezervasyon, Puberta, Testiküler doku

Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation

ABSTRACT Biological tissues can be stored for many years without losing their viability outside the body through cryopreservation. Cells to be frozen by cryopreservation can be collected by appropriate methods from healthy and fertile animals whose spermatogenesis continues. Today, successful results have been obtained in the reproductive field with the cryopreservation of sperm obtained from male animals as a result of artificial vagina, electroejaculator, manual manipulations and epididymal procedures. However, since sperm cannot be obtained directly in animals with infertility problems due to various reasons, wild animal species and animals that have not yet reached puberty, different techniques have been sought to protect and preserve the genetic material. Cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a method that allows the preservation of reproductive capacity in different animal species and the preservation of gametes for many years in endangered species and animals that have not yet reached puberty. With this method, spermatozoons or spermatogonial stem cells obtained from testicular tissues can complete their development in vitro and can be used in assisted reproductive applications such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. In the last 30 years, testicular tissue cryopreservation, in which successful results have been obtained in various types, is open to detailed researches due to the fact that optimum materials and freezing protocols have not been developed yet and is a subject that can lead to successful advances in the reproductive field.

Keywords:

Infertility, Cryopreservation, Puberty, Testicular tissue,

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