DAEŞ'İN ARDINDAN RADİKALLEŞMEYİ DÜŞÜNMEK: GİRİŞ

Toplumda yalnızlaşan bireyin ana akım düşüncelerden koparak toplumun kabul etmediği düşünceleri kabul etmesi veya daha da ileri giderek şiddet içerikli eylemleri benimsemesi ile sonuçlanan süreci kapsayan radikalleşme olgusu, son yıllarda en çok tartışılan kavramlardan biridir. Devletler, radikalleşme ile mücadele konusunu oldukça önem vermektedir çünkü radikalleşme sadece ileriye dönük değil aynı zamanda geriye de gidebilen bir süreçtir. Diğer bir deyişle radikalleşme bir noktaya kadar önlenebilir, engelleneniler ve geriye döndürülebilir bir süreçtir. Radikalleşme süreçleri bize terör örgütlerine katılan kişilerin katılım sebepleri ile ilgili ipuçları verirken örgütten ayrılan kişilerin tekrar ılımlaştırılması için de ışık tutmaktadır. Irak ve Suriye’deki çatışmaların yarattığı başarısız devlet ortamından yararlanan terör örgütleri, savaşçı sayılarını on binlerce kişiye çıkartmışlardır. Bu dönemde, çok sayıda yabancı savaşçı değişik terör örgütlerine katılmak için yasa dışı şekilde Irak ve Suriye’ye giriş yaptılar. Ancak, sözde İslam Devletinin Irak ve Suriye’deki yenilgisinden sonra birçok ülke savaştan geri dönen savaşçı sorunu ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Geri dönen kişiler döndükleri ülkeler için örgütlere yeni üye kazandırma faaliyetlerine girişmeleri, yeni terör saldırıları organize etmeleri ve uygulamaları açısından oldukça büyük sorun teşkil etmektedir. Bu anlamda, devletlerin toplumdan soyutlanan ve radikal düşünceleri benimseme olasılığı bulunan kişiler için radikalleşme karşıtı politikalar, radikalleşmiş bireylerin şiddet içerikli eylemler ve düşüncelerden ayrışması ve radikalleşen kişilerin tekrar ılımlaştırılması konularında politikalar benimsemeleri önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Radikalleşme, Radikalleşme ile Mücadele, Arındırma, Ilımlaştırma

THINKING ABOUT RADICALIZATION AFTER SO CALLED ISLAMIC STATE: AN INTRODUCTION

Radicalization is one of the most debated concepts of the last decades which covers the process in which the individual, who feels alone in the society, departs from mainstream point of view and even adopts violent activities and beliefs. States attach special importance to coping with radicalization because of the fact that radicalization is not only a prospective process but also a retro-active one. In other words, radicalization is, up to a point, preventable, restrainable and reversible process. The process of radicalization tells us a lot about the reasons why people join terrorist organizations, and provides an insight into deradicalization of those who leave such organizations. Terrorist organizations benefited from the environment of failed states in Iraq and Syria and increased their number of terrorist fighters into tens of thousands. During this period, a number of foreign fighters illegally entered Iraq and Syria to join different terrorist organisations. However, a lot of States face with the problem of returned foreign terrorist fighters after the defeat of so called Islamic State. States have to meet the challenge of returnees as they pose a risk of engaging in new recruitment, planning and carrying out new terror plots. Therefore, it is important for States to adopt counterradicalisation policies for those people who alienate in societies and have potential to adopt radical beliefs, to disengage those people who have already adopted such beliefs or participated in conflicts, and to deradicalize those who are disengaged or leave the terrorist organisations.

Keywords:

Radicalization, Counterradicalization, Disengagement, Deradicalization,

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Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2017
Yayıncı: Özcan GÜNGÖR

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