Use of Principal Coordinate Analysis for Measuring GE Interactions in Rain-Fed Durum Wheat Genotypes

Genotype × environment interactions complicate selection of superior genotypes for narrow and wide adaptation. Multienvironment yield trials of twenty durum wheat genotypes were conducted at five locations of Iran (Gachsaran, Gonbad, Moghan, Ilam and Khorram abad) over four years (2009-2013). Combined ANOVA of yield data of the twenty environments (year/location combined) revealed highly significant differences among genotypes and environments as well as significant genotype-environment interaction indicated differential performance of genotypes over test environments. The GE interaction was examined using multivariate analysis technique as principal coordinate analysis (PCOA). According to grand means and total mean yield, test environments were grouped into two main groups as high mean yield (H) and low mean yield (L). There were eleven H test environments and nine L test environments which analyzed in the sequential cycles. For each cycle, both scatter point diagram and minimum spanning tree plot were drawn. The identified most stable genotypes with dynamic stability concept and based on the minimum spanning tree plots and centroid distances were G12 (3342 kg ha-1), G10 (3470.3 kg ha-1), G5 (3203.0 kg ha-1), and G1 (3263.5 kg ha-1), and therefore could be recommended for unfavorable or poor conditions. Genotypes G10 (3470.3 kg ha-1) and G9 (3404.2 kg ha-1) were located several times in the vertex positions of high cycles according to the principal coordinates analysis (PCOA) and therefore could be recommended for favorable or rich conditions. Finally, the results of principal coordinates analysis in general confirmed the breeding value of the genotypes, obtained on the basis of the yield stability evaluation.

Keywords:

Adaptation, Eenvironment, Interaction, Ggenotype, Stability,

PDF

___

Akcura M, Kaya Y & Taner, S (2009). Evaluation of durum wheat genotypes using parametric and nonparametric stability statistics. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 14(2): 111-122
Becker H C & Leon J (1988). Stability analysis in plant breeding. Plant Breeding 101: 1-23
FAOSTAT (2010). Data stat year 2015. Food Agriculture Organization, (http://faostat.fao.org/) verified 2 Feb. 2015. Rome, Italy
Finlay K W & Wilkinson G N (1963). The analysis of adaptation in a plant-breeding programme. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 14: 742-754
Flores F, Moreno M T, Martinez A & Cubero J I (1996). Genotype × environment interaction in faba bean: Comparison of AMMI and principal coordinate models. Field Crops Research 47: 117-127
GENSTAT Committee (2009). GENSTAT 12 release 1, Reference Manual. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK
Gower J C (1966). Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. Biometrika 53: 325-338
Ibanmez M A, Direnzo M A, Samame S S, Bonamico N C & Poverene M M (2001). Genotype–environment interaction of lovegrass forage yield in the semi-arid region of Argentina. Journal of Agricultural Science 137: 329-336
Ilker E, Geren H, Unsal R, Sevim I, Aykut Tonk F & Tosun M (2011). AMMI-biplot analysis of yield performances of bread wheat cultivars grown at different locations. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 16(1): 64-68
Karimizadeh R, Asghari A, Chinipardaz R, Sofalian O & Ghaffari A (2016). Determining yield stability and model selection by AMMI method in rain-fed durum wheat genotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 21(2): 174-183
Karimizadeh R, Mohammadi M, Armion M, Shefazadeh M K & Chalajour H (2012a). Determining heritability, reliability and stability of grain yield and yield-related components in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 18(4): 595-607
Karimizadeh R, Mohammadi M, Shefazadeh M K, Mahmoodi A A, Rostami B & Karimpour F (2012b). Relationship among and repeatability of ten stability indices for grain yield of food lentil genotypes in Iran. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 17(1): 51-61
Karimizadeh R, Mohammadi M, Sabaghnia N, Mahmoodi A A, Roustami B, Seyyedi F & Akbari F (2013). GGE biplot analysis of yield stability in multi-environment trials of lentil genotypes under rainfed condition. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5(2): 256-262
Karimizadeh R, Mohammadi M, Sabaghnia N & Shefazadeh M K (2012c). Using Huehn's Nonparametric Stability Statistics to Investigate Genotype × Environment Interaction. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40(1): 293-301
Leon N, Jannink J L, Edwards J W & Kaeppler S M (2016). Introduction to a special issue on genotype by environment interaction. Crop Science 56: 2081–2089
Ma J, Zhang C Y, Yan G J & Liu C J (2013). Improving yield and quality traits of durum wheat by introgressing chromosome segments from hexaploid wheat. Genetics and Molecular Research 12: 6120–6129
Medina J L, Moore P P, Shanks C H, Gil F F & Chandler C K (1999). Genotype × environment interaction for resistance to spider mites in Fragaria. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124: 353–357
Mladenov V, Banjac B & Milosevic M (2012). Evaluation of yield and seed requirements stability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Via AMMI Model. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 17(2): 203-207
Mohammadi M, Karimizadeh R, Sabaghnia N & Shefazadeh M K (2012). Genotype × Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Analysis of New Improved Bread Wheat Genotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 17(1): 67-73
Mohebodini M, Karimizadeh R, Mohammadi M & Sabaghnia N (2012). Principal coordinates analysis of genotype × environment interaction in grain yield of lentil genotypes. Agriculture and Forestry 57: 93-107
Ruttan V W (1998). Meeting the food needs of the world, p. 98–104. In: V W Ruttan (Eds.), International agricultural research: four papers, Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Sabaghnia N, Mohammadi M & Karimizadeh R (2013a). Principal coordinate analysis of genotype × environment interaction for grain yield of bread wheat in the semi-arid regions. Genetika 45(3): 691-0701
Sabaghnia N, Karimizadeh R & Mohammadi M (2013b). Principal coordinate analysis of yield stability performances of grain yield in durum wheat genotypes. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 9(4): 544-560
Sabaghnia N, Karimizadeh R & Mohammadi M (2012). Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield of lentil genotypes. Žemdirbystė =Agriculture 99(3): 305-312
Tabachnick G B & Fidell LS (2012). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson Publishers, India
Westcott B (1986). Some methods of analyzing genotype-environment interaction. Heredity 56: 243-253
Zuur A F, Leno E N & Smith G M (2007). Statistics for biology and health - analyzing ecological data, Springer Publishers, New York