Ahmet İnce, Yasemin Vurarak

An Approach to Color Change and Quality Relation in Roughages

In this work, it was aimed to associate CIELAB Scale (L*, a*, b*) with some quality parameters of roughages such as pH, crude protein (CP) and relative feed value (RFV). To this end, five different applications; haylages unwrapped on 25th, 40th and 55th days of fermentation, traditional silage unwrapped 55th days of fermentation and degraded haylage were examined for vetch-triticale (Vicia sativa L. - Triticasecale wittmack) and caramba-berseem clover (Lolium multiflorum cv Caramba-Trifolium alexandrinum L.) mixtures in the study. The tests were conducted according to randomized block design with three replications for both forage mixtures. The ΔL and Δb color values and pH, CP, RFV were significantly correlated in the vetch-triticale mixture. The regression coefficients (R2) for ΔL and Δb were 0.68 and 0.79 for pH, 0.40 and 0.38 for CP, 0.63 and 0.70 for RFV, respectively. In the mixture of the caramba - berseem clover, the regression coefficients for ΔL and Δb were found to be 0.64 and 0.85 for pH, 0.14 and 0.12 for CP, 0.28 and 0.37 for RFV respectively. In both mixtures, the level of relation between Δa* color value and quality parameters remained very low. Also, it was obtained that the best roughage in terms of RFV was haylages opened after 55th days. Decreasing the L*, b* color values by 50% on average after fermentation can be regarded as an indication of roughage degradation and RFV reduction. From this point view, it can be possible to determine the quality change by following the colors before and after fermentation of roughage.

Keywords:

Silage, Color change, Degradation Quality, Roughage,

PDF

___

Anonymous (1987). Bewertung von grünfutter, silage und heu, merkblatt, No: 224, DLG-Verlag, Deutschland.
AOAC (1990). Association of official analytical chemists. Official method of analysis. 15th ed. Washington, DC. USA. Pp: 66 - 88.
Borreani G, Chion A R, Piano S, Ranghino F & Tabocco E (2008). A preliminary study on new biodegradable films to cover silages. Proceeding of The 23th General Meeting of The Europa Grassland Federation. Germany, Grassland Science in Europa, Vol(15): 202- 204.
Chen V, Stoker M R & Wallance CR (1997). Effect of enzyme-inoculant systems on preservation and nutritive value of haycrop and corn silage. J. Dairly (77): 501-507.
Lee M, Hwang S & Chiou PW (2000). Metabolizable energy of roughale in Taiwan. Small Ruminant Research Elsevıer 36 (2000): 251-259.
Mayouf R & Arbouche F (2014). Chemical composition and relative feed value of three mediterranean fodder shrubs. African Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol 9 (8): 746-749.
McDonald P, Henderson N & Heron S J R (1991). The biochemisty of silage. Chalcombe Publications, Marlow, UK, 340 pages.
McGuire R G (1992). Reporting of objective color measurements. Hort. Science, Vol. 27(12), December, Pp: 1254-1255.
Müller C E, Pauly T M & Uden P (2007). Storage of small bale silage and haylage - influence of storage period on fermentation variables and microbial composition. Grass and Forage Science (62): 274-283.
O’Brien M, O’iely P, Forristal P D & Fuller H T (2008). Fungal contamination of big-bale grass yeast species and features of bale and silage. Grass and Forage Science 63: 121-137.
Shinners K J, Huenink B M, Muck R E & Albrecht K A (2009). Storage characteristics of large round and square alfalfa bales: low-moısture wrapped bales. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ISSN 0001-2351.Vol. 52(2): 401-407.
Snell H G J, Oberndorfer C, Lücke W & Van den Weghe H F A (2002). Effects of polyethylene film parameters: color and thickness, on ensiling conditions and silage quality of chopped maize, as investigated under ambient conditions and in a test apparatus. Grass and Forage Science, 57: 342-350.
Snell H G J, Obemdorfer C, Lücke W& Van den Weghe H F A (2003). Effects of polyethylene colour and thickness on grass silage quality. Grass and Forage Science, 58, 239-248.
Toruk F, Gonulol E, Ulger P (2009). Color changes of bale silage under different storage conditions. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Science, 5(2), 211-216.
Toruk F, Gonulol E (2011). Effects of particle length on alfalfa baled silage quality and color under different storage conditions. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 17(no 4) 2011, 451-455.
Uygur M (2009). Silaj kalitesinin fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle belirlenmesi.Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, İzmir, Çiftçi Broşürü, No: 127.
Van Soest P J, Robertson J D & Lewıs B A (1991). Methods for dietry fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
Yurtsever N (1984). Deneysel istatistik metotları. Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları Genel Yayın No: 121. Teknik Yayın No: 56. Ankara.
Weber U & Kaiser E (2006). Improvement of aerobic stability of pressed sugar beet pulp silage, made in large plastic silage bags, depending on ensiling period and silage additive. 12th International Symposium Forage Conservation. Brno, Czech Rep., April 3-5, 2006. Pp: 175-177.
Weinberg Z G & Chen Y (2013). Effects of storage period on the composition of whole crop wheat and corn silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 185:196-200.