İshalli köpeklerde Cryptosporidium parvum’un varlığının araştırılması

Sunulan çalışmada Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerine köpek yetiştiren Jandarma At ve Köpek Eğitim Merkezi Komutanlığı’ndaki yavru köpeklerde karşılaşılan ishallerde Cryptosporidium parvum varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Hayvan materyalini 100 adet farklı ırk (Pointer, Alman çoban köpeği, Belçika Malinois, Çatalburun, Labrador ve Golden Retriever), yaş (28 gün-9 aylık) ve cinsiyette ishalli köpek oluşturdu. Köpeklerden alınan dışkı örneklerinde natif, flotasyon ve karbol fuksin boyama yöntemi ile parazitolojik inceleme yapıldı. Ayrıca immunokromotografik hızlı test kitleri kullanılarak C. parvum’un varlığı araştırıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen köpeklerden 18’inde Toxocara canis (%18), 3’ünde Toxoscaris leonine (%3), 8’inde Giardia spp. (%8), 25’inde ise Cystoisospora spp. (%25) belirlenirken Cryptosporidium parvum tespit edilemedi. Cystoisospora spp. yüzdesi bakımından yaş ve ırk arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken (P<0.05), diğer parazit türleri yüzdeleri bakımından yaş-ırk, ırk-cinsiyet ve yaş-cinsiyet değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (P>0.05). Sonuç olarak; Cryptosporidium parvum için test edilen 100 köpeğin dışkı örnekleri, nativ, flotasyon ve karbol fuksin boyama yöntemleri ve immunokromatografik hızlı test kiti muayeneleriyle negatif bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cryptosporidium parvum, ishal, karbol fuksin, köpek, kriptosporidiozis

Investigation of the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in dogs with diarrhea

In the presented study, it was aimed to determine the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in the diarrhea encountered in dogs in the Gendarmerie Horse and Dog Training Center Command, which breeds dogs in various regions of Turkey. The animal material consisted of 100 dogs with diarrhea of different breeds (Pointer, German shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Çatalburun, Labrador and Golden Retriever), age (28 days-9 months) and gender. Parasitological examination was performed on faecal samples taken from dogs by native, flotation and carbol fuchsin staining methods. In addition, the presence of C. parvum was investigated by using immunochromatographic rapid test kits. As a result, while Toxocara canis was determined in 18 (18%), Toxoscaris leonina in 3 (3%), Giardia spp. in 8 (8%), Cystoisospora spp. in 25 (25%) of the dogs included in the study, Cryptosporidium parvum could not be detected. Only in terms of the percentage of Cystoisospora spp., a significant correlation was found between age and race (P<0.05), when there was no significant relationship among age-breed, breed-gender and age-gender variables of other parasite species (P>0.05). As a result, faecal samples of 100 dogs tested for Cryptosporidium parvum were found negative with native, flotation and carbol fuchsin staining methods and immunochromatographic rapid test kits.

Keywords:

Cryptosporidium parvum, dog, carbol fuchsin,

PDF

___

Angus, K.W. (1983). Cryptosporidiosis in man, domestic animals and birds: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 76(1), 62-70. doi: 10.1177/014107688307600114
Bajer, A., Toczylowska, B., Bednarska, M. & Sinski, E. (2012). Effectiveness of water treatment for the removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. Epidemiology&Infection, 140(11). 2014-2022. doi: 10.1017/S0950268811002780
Cirak, V.Y. & Bauer, C. (2004). Comparison of conventional coproscopical methods and commercial coproantigen ELISA kits for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections in dogs and cats. Berl
Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 117, 410-413.
Bennett, M., Baxby, D., Blundell, Gaskell, C.J., Hart, C.A. & Kelly, D.F. (1985). Cryptosporidiosis in the domestic cat. Veterinary Record, 116(3); 73-74. doi: 10.1136/vr.116.3.73
Bresciani, K.D.S., Costa, A.J., Navarro, I.T., Toniilli, G.H., Sakamoto, C.A.M., Arantes, T.P. & Gennari, S.M. (2008). Canine toxoplasmosis: clinical and pathological aspects. Semina: Ciências Agrarias, 29(1), 23-35.
Bridger, K.E. & Whitney, H. (2009). Gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the island of st. pierre off the south coast of Newfoundland. Veterinary Parasitology, 162(1-2), 167-170. 39. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.02.016
Cuia, Z., Donga, H., Wanga, R., Jiana, F., Zhanga, S., Ninga, C. & Zhanga, L. (2018). A canine model of experimental infection with Cryptosporidium canis. Experimental Parasitology, 195: 19-23. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.09.019
Fayer, L.& Xiao, L. (2008). Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis. Florida, Taylor and Francis Group. Hamnes, I.S., Gjerde, B. & Robertson, L. (2006). Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in three areas of Norway. Veterinary Parasitology, 140(3-4): 204-216. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.024
Lindsay, D.S. & Zajac, A.M. (2004). Cryptosporidium infections in cats and dogs. Compendium, 26, 864–874.
Lucio-Forster, A., Griffiths, J.K., Cama, V.A., Xiao, L. & Bowman, D.D. (2010). Minimal zoonotic risk of cryptosporidiosis from pet dogs and cats. Trends in Parasitology, 26(4): 174-179. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.01.004
Miller, D.L., Liggett, A., Radi, Z.A. & Branch, L.O. (2003). Gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis in a puppy. Veterinary Parasitology, 115(3), 199-204. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00237-1
Moreira, A.S., Baptista, C.T., Brasil, C.L., Valente, J.S.S., Bruhn, F.R.P. & Pereira, D.I.B. (2018). Risk factors and infection due to Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and cats in southern Rio Grande do Sul. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 27(1), 113-118. doi: 10.1590/S1984-296120180012
Mundim, M.J.S., Rosa, L.A.G., Hortenico, S.M., Faria, E.S.M., Rodrigues, R.M. & Cury, M.C. (2007). Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs from different living conditions in Uberlândia, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 31(144); 356-359. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.039
Noordeen, F., Faizal, A.C., Rajapakse, R.P., Horadagoda, N.U. & Arulkanthan, A. (2001). Excretion of Cryptosporidium oocysts by goats in relation to age and season in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Veterinary Parasitology, 99(1); 79-85. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00449-6
Olabanji, G.M., Maikai, B.V., Otolorin, G.R. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors associated with faecal shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts in dogs in the Federal Capital Territory. Abuja, Nigeria. Veterinary Medicine International, 2016, 4591238. doi: 10.1155/2016/4591238
Öner, G. (2009). Ege Bölgesindeki Köpeklerde Cryptosporidium spp’nin Prevalansı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aydın. Pasmans, F., Blahak, S., Martel, A. & Pantchev, N. (2008). Introducing reptiles into a captive collection: the role of the veterinarian. The Veterinary Journal, 175(1), 53-68. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.12.009
Pivoto, F.L., Lopes, L.F.D., Vogel, F.S.F, Botton, S.A. & Sangioni, L.A. (2013). Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites and parasitism risk factors in domestic cats in Santa Maria. RS, Brazil. Ciencia Rural, 43(8); 1453-1458.
Scorza, A.V. & Lappin, M.R. (2012). Cryptosporidiosis and Cyclosporiasis. In. C.E. Greene, (Ed.), Infectious diseases of the dog and cats. 4(th) Edition. USA: Els.
Scorza, A.V. & Tangtrongsup, S. (2010). Update on the diagnosis and management of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in dogs and cats. Topics Companion Animal Medicine, 25(3); 163-169. doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2010.07.007
Shukla, R., Giraldo, P., Kraliz, A., Finnigan, M. & Sanchez, A.L. (2006). Cryptosporidium spp. and other zoonotic enteric parasites in a sample of domestic dogs and cats in the Niagara region of Ontario. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 47(2): 1179-1184.
Thompson, R.C.A., Olson, M.E., Zhu, G., Enomoto, S., Abrahamsen, M.S. & Hijawi, N.S. (2005). Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. Advances in Parasitology, 59: 77-158. doi: 10.1016/S0065-308X(05)59002-X
Titilincu, A., Mircean, V., Achelaritei, D., Cozma, V. (2010). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in asymptomatic dogs by ELISA and risk factors associated with infection. Lucrari Ştiinłifice Medicina Veterinara, 43(1), 7-12.
Tyzzer, E.E. (1907). A sporozoan found in the peptic glands of the common mouse. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 5(1): 12-13. doi: 10.3181/00379727-5-5
Tyzzer, E.E. (1910). An extracellular coccidium Cryptosporidium muris (Gen. Et Sp. Nov.) of the gastric glands of the common mouse. The Journal of Medical Research, 23(3): 487-509
Tyzzer, E.E. (1912). Cryptosporidium parvum a coccidium round in the small intestine of the common mouse. Archiv für Protistenkunde, 26: 394-412.
Uehlinger, F.D., Greenwood, S.J., McClure, J.T., Conboy, G., O’Handley, R. & Barkema, H.W. (2013). Zoonotic potential of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. and prevalence of intestinal parasites in young dogs from different populations on Prince Edward Island. Canada. Veterinary Parasitology, 196(3-4): 509-514. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.03.020
Zelalem, G., & Mekonnen, A. (2012). Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes among dogs in Bahir Dar Town. Ethiopia. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19(5): 595-601.