Spermatozoon DNA'sının hasarına neden olan faktörler, tamir ve hasar tespit mekanizmaları

Günümüzde yapılan yoğun çalışmalarla önem kazanan spermatozoon deok siribonükleik asit (DNA) indeki hasarlar, gerek fertilizasyonu, gerekse embriyonal yaşamdan ölüme kadar olan yaşamı olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Birçok nedene bağlı DNA üzerinde sürekli hasar oluşmaktadır. Hasarın bir kısmı organizmanın kendine özgü tamir mekanizmaları tarafından onarılmaktadır. Bu hasar onarım arasındaki denge, hasar nedenlerinin çoğalması ve onarım mekanizmalarındaki aksaklıklar nedeniyle hasar lehine bozulması durumunda hücre ölümü, fertilizasyon kapasitesinde azalma, spermatozoon genom bütünlüğünde bozulma ve mutasyonlar meydana gelmektedir. Bu meydana gelen hasarların belirlenmesi amacı ile birçok hasar tespit yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Tespit edilen hasarların düzeltilmesi ve elimine edilmesi yanında bu hasarların oluşmaması için gerekli önlemler üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda alınabilinecek önlemler ile spermatozoon DNAsının hasarının önüne geçmek mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede spermatozoon DNAsının hasarına neden olan durumlar, organizmanın kendine özgü DNA hasar tamir mekanizmaları, spermatozoon DNAsı hasarlarının tespit metotları ve muhtemel hasarlara karşı alınabilinecek korunma yöntemleri hakkında veriler sunulmuştur.

The factors induced DNA damage of spermatozoon, repair and damage detection mechanisms

The damage of the spermatozoon deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is getting importance in the intensive researches of nowadays, affects the life negatively both from the embryonic stage to the death and fertilization. Lots of reasons lead continuous damage onto the DNA. The damage is recovered by the individual mechanisms of the organism. This balance of the damage-repair, increasing the damage motives and breakdowns of the recovery mechanisms l ead the balance in favor of the damage and cell death, decreasing fertilization capacity, impairment of the spermatozoon genome unity and mutations will be occurred. Lots of damage determination methods have been developed to detect these damages. Beside the studies which have been done about the correction of the detected damage and elimination, there are studies onto required precautions for not to take shape of this damage. In this sense, damage of spermatozoon DNA could be prevented by some precautions. In this review, reasons of damage of spermatozoon DNA, individual damage of DNA repair mechanism of organism, determination methods of damage of spermatozoon DNA and precautions against possible damages of DNA will be addressed.

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