Özgür AKSOY, Suphi Erdem ACAR, Kemal ALTUNATMAZ, Yalçın DEVECİOĞLU

Radiological assessment of vertebral column and spinal cord lesions in dogs: 266 cases (1993-2002)

Bu çalışma ile, köpeklerde, kolumna vertebralis ve medulla spinalis'de şekillenen lezyonların, ırk ve yaş dağılımları ile lokalize olduğu bölgelerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, kolumna vertebralis ve medulla spinalis lezyonu saptanan toplam 266 köpeğin radyografileri değerlendirildi. Olguların, 95'inde intervertebral disk hastalığı, 83'ünde spondilosis deformans, 70'inde kırık, 10'unda luksasyon, 7'sinde subluksasyon, 3'ünde diskospondilitis, 1'inde spondilitis ve 1'inde de ateşli silah mermisine bağlı yaralanma saptandı (bu olguların 3'ünde intervertebral disk hastalığı ve spondilosis deformans, 1'inde de kırık ve luksasyon birlikte gözlendi). İntervertebral disk hastalığı bulunan olguların yaş ortalaması 5.7, spondilosis deformans bulunan olguların yaş ortalaması da 8.5 olarak belirlendi. Çalışmada toplam 238 aralıkta intervertebral disk hastalığı tanısı kondu ve bunların, % 1.7'si $C_2-C_7$, %9.7'si $T_1-T_9$, % 42.4'ü $T_{10}-L_1$ , % 16.8'i $L_1-L_4$ ve % 29.4'ünün de $L_4-L_7$ arasında lokalize olduğu gözlendi. Spondilosis deformans lezyonlarının % 31.2 oranında torakal, % 68.8 oranında da lumbal vertebralar arasında şekillendiği saptandı. Torakal bölgedeki lezyonların % 71'inin $T_9-T_{13}$, % 29'unun da diğer torakal vertebralar arasında, lumbal bölgede ise % 49.5' inin $L_1-L_4$, % 29'unun $L_5-L_7$ ve % 21.5'inin de $L_7-S_1$ arasında şekillendiği belirlendi. Kırık, luksasyon ve subluksasyonlarm sıklıkla torako-lumbal bölge ve lumbo-sakral bölgeye yakın oluştuğu görüldü. Diskospondilitis olgularının birinde lezyonun $L_4-L_5$, diğer birinde $T_6-T_7, T_7-T_8 ve T_8-T_9$, diğerinde ise $T_{11}-T_{12}, T_{12}-T_{13}, T_{13}-L_1$ ve $L_1-L_2$ intervertebral aralıklarda şekillendiği saptandı. Kolumna vertebralis ve medulla spinalis'de şekillenen lezyonlarm, ırk ve yaş dağılımları ile çoğu kez lokalize olduğu bölgelerin belirlendiği bu çalışmanın, nörolojik hastalıkların tanısına ışık tutabileceği kanısındayız.

Köpeklerde kolumna vertebralis ve medulla spinalis lezyonlarının radyolojik değerlendirmesi 266 olgu (1993-2002)

The aim of this study has been to determine the breed and age distribution and location of lesions occurring in the vertebral column and spinal cord in dogs. To achieve this, radiographies belonging to a total of 266 dogs with vertebral column and spinal cord lesions were evaluated. Of these cases, intervertebral disc disease was observed in 95, spondylosis deformans in 83, fracture in 70, luxation in 10, subluxation in 7, discospondylitis in 3, spondylitis in 1 and firearm injury in 1 case (in 3 of these cases, intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis deformans was seen together and in 1 case fracture and luxation had occurred together). The mean age was 5.7 for cases with intervertebral disc disease and 8.5 for cases with spondylosis deformans. In this study, intervertebral disc disease was diagnosed in a total of 238 intervertebral spaces and their locations were distributed as; 1.7% in $C_2-C_7$ , 9.7% in $T_1-T_9$, 42.4% in $T_{10}-L_1$, 16.8% in $L_1-L_4$ and 29.4% in $L_4-L_7$. Spondylosis deformans lesions were seen to occur at a rate of 31.2% in the thoracal vertebrae and 68,8% in the lumbar vertebrae. Of the lesions in the thoracal region; 71% were in $T_9-T_{13}$ and 29% were in the remaining thoracal vertebrae. In the lumbar region; 49.5% had occurred in $L_1-L_4$, 29% in $L_5-L_7$and 21.5% in $L_7-S_1$. Fractures, luxations and subluxations were seen to occur frequently in the thoraco-lumbar region and near the lumbo-sacral region. In cases with discospondylitis, the lesion was seen to occur in the intervertebral spaces of $L_4-L_5$ in one case, $T_6-T_7, T_7-T_8 and T_8-T_9$ in another case and $T_{11}-T_{12}, T_{12}-T_{13}, T_{13}-L_1$ and $L_1-L_2$in the remaining case. Our opinion is that this study, in which breed and age distribution of dogs and frequent location of lesions occurring in the vertebral column and spinal cord have been determined, can shed light upon diagnosis of neurological diseases.

PDF

___

1.Adamo, P.F., Cherubini, G.B.: Discospondylitis associated with three unreported bacteria in the dog. J. Small Anim. Pract., 2001; 42(7): 352-355.
2.Bray, J.P., Burbidge, H.M.: The canine intervertebral disk. Part one: Structure and Function. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc, 1998; 34: 55-63.
3.Bruecker, K.A., Seim, H.B.: Spinal fracture and luxations. In: Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 2 ed. Ed: Slatter D., Philadelphia, Saunders Co., 1993,1110-1121.
4.Cherubini, G.B., Cappello, R., Lu, D., Targett, M., Wessmann, A., Mantis, P.: MRI findings in a dog with discospondylitis caused by Bordetella species. J. Small Anim. Pract., 2004; 45(8): 417-420.
5.Corlazzoli, D., Pizzirani, S: Discospondylitis in the dog. Waltham Focus, 1998; 8: 2-10.
6.Cudia, S.P., Duval, J.M.: Thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease in large, nonchondrodystrophic dogs: A retrospective study. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc, 1997; 33: 456-460.
7.Denny, H.R., Butterworth, S.J.: Discospondylitis. In: A Guide to Canine and Feline Orthopaedic Surgery. 4.ed. London. Blackwell Science, 2000; 278-282.
8.Hoskins, J.D.: The Nervous system. In: Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Dog and Cat. 2. ed., United States, Saunders, 2004; 415 p.
9.Jaffe, M.H., Kerwin, S.C., Fitch, R.B.: Canine diskospondylitis. Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet., 1997; 19,551-555.
10.Jeffery, N.D.: Handbook of Small Animal Spinal Surgery. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 1995;236 p.
11. Kinzel, S., Koch, J., Buecker, A., Krombach, G., Stopinski, T., Afify, M., Kupper, W.: Treatment of .10 dogs with discospondylitis by fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous discectomy.Vet Rec, 2005; 156(3): 78-81.
12.Kornegay, J.N.: Discospondylitis. In: Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 2 ed. Ed. Slatter D., Philadelphia, Saunders Co., 1993; 1087-1094.
13.Lobetti, R.G.: Subarachnoid abscess as a complication of discospondylitis in a dog. J. Small Anim. Pract., 1994; 35: 480-483.
14.Muir, P., Johnson, K.A., Manley, P.A., Dueland, R.T.: Comparison of hemilaminectomy and dorsal laminectomy for thorakolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in Dachshunds. J. Small Anim. Pract., 1995; 36: 360-367.
15.Oliver, J.E., Lorenz, M.D.: Pelvic limb paresis, paralysis or ataxia. In: Handbook of Veterinary Neurology. Philadelphia, Saunders Co., 1993; 128-169.
16.Schaer, M.: Neurologic Disorders. In: Clinical Medicine of the Dog and Cat. London,Manşon Publishing, 2003; 600 p.
17.Siems, J.S., Jakovljevic, S., Adams, L.G., Munjar, T.A., DeNicola, D.B.: Discospondylitis in association with an intra-abdominal abscess in a dog. J. Small Anim. Pract., 1999; 40: 123-126.
18.Simpson, S.T.: Intervertebral disc disease. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small, 1992; 22: 889-898.
19.Sukhiani, H.R., Parent, J.M., Atilola, M.A., Holmberg, D.L.: Intervertebral disk diseasein dogs with signs of back pain alone: 25 cases (1986-1993). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc, 1996; 209: 1275-1279.
20.Thomas, W.B.: Diskospondylitis and other vertebral infections. Vet. Clin. N. Am.- Small,2000; 30: 169-182.
21.Walker, T.L.: Vertebral osteomyelitis and discospondylitis. In:: Disease Mechanism in Small Animal Surgery. 2. ed. Ed: Bojrab M.J., Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1993, 971-974.
22.Watson, E., Roberts, R.E.: Discospondylitis in a cat. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound, 1993; 34: 397-398.
23.Wong, W.T., Emms, S.G.: Use of pins and methylmethacrylate in stabilisations of spinal fractures and luxations. J. Small Anim. Pract., 1992; 33: 415-422.
24.Yovich, J.C., Read, R., Eger, C: Modified lateral spinal decompression in 61 dogs with thoracolumbar disc protrusion. J. Small Anim. Pract., 1994; 35: 351-356.