Ulus Devletin Ortaya Çıkışından Günümüze Kadar Kamu Hukukunda Egemenlik Kavramlaştırmaları

Egemenlik, ulus devlet anlayışının temel kavramlarından biridir. Ulus devlet daha önceki devlet yapılarından farklı bir egemenlik anlayışını on yedinci yüzyıldan itibaren inşa etmeye başlamıştır. Bu makalede, son dört yüz yılda önde gelen hukuk teorisyenlerinin egemenlik kavramına getirdiği farklı tanımlar ve yaklaşımlar özetlenmiş ve egemenlik kavramının içeriğinin göstermiş olduğu değişim analiz edilmiştir. Bu tarihi bakış mutlak nitelikli ve kişi merkezli klasik egemenlik öğretisinin zamanla kurum ve hukuk merkezli bir nitelik kazandığına işaret etmektedir. Bu gelişimin bir sonucu olarak pozitif hukuk öğretisi de devleti kişiye ve onun iradesine benzeterek algılayan, hukuku da bu kişi devletin ürünü olarak gören bir söylemden uzaklaşarak, devletin hukukla özdeşleştirildiği ve hukukun devlet organlarının yetki sınırlarını belirlediği yeni bir yaklaşım biçimine yönelmiştir. Makale ayrıca uluslararası ve ulusüstü yapıların egemenlik söyleminin kurgulanması üzerindeki etkilerini de ele almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Egemenlik, ulus devlet, hukuk teorisi, uluslararası hukuk, ulusüstü hukuk.

Sovereignty Conception in The Public Law From The Emergence of The Nation State to The Present Day

Sovereignty is one the fundamental concepts of nation state. Nation state has constructed a different understanding of sovereignty since 17th century. In this article, the different definitions of and approaches to the concept produced by the prominent legal scholars in last four hundred centuries have been summarized and the transformation of the content of the concept has been analyzed. This historical review indicates the fact that absolute and individual will oriented understanding of classical sovereignty has evolved into an institution and law focused conceptualization. The most important result of this change in understanding of the concept in positive legal theory is to move away from the discourse resembling state and individual will and reducing law to the will of the person, to the perspective identifying the state with law which is defining the borders of the power of the state organs. The article is also touch upon the impact of international and supranational structures on construction of the discourse of sovereignty

Keywords:

Sovereignty, nation state, legal theory, international law, supranational law,

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