A Contemporary Approach For Strategic Management in Tourism Sector: PESTEL Analysis on The City Muğla, Turkey

The scope of the present study is to estimate the influence of the PESTEL dimensions (political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal) on the tourism sector in Muğla, Turkey. For this purpose, a research has been carried out on the top managers of three, four and five-star hotels operating in Muğla, Turkey. The datum provided from 150 business top managers have been included to the analysis of the research. As a result of the analysis done, legal factors (consumer and labor law) were estimated by the participant managers as the most important whereas social factors (demographic structure of the population and cultural attitudes) were of the least importance for the development of tourism sector in Muğla, Turkey. Another result was that more educated participants gave greater importance to all these factors than their less educated counterparts.

___

Andrei, Veronica & Prisecaru, Ilie (2014). ''The use of PESTEL analysis in development of the Romanian geological repository.'' U. P. B. Scientific Bulletin (Series C) 76: 247-254.

Barkauskas, Vytautas, Barkauskiene, Kristina, & Jasinskas, Edumundas (2015). ''Analysis of macro environmental factors influencing the development of rural tourism: Lithuanian case.'' Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences 213: 167- 172.

Cadle, James, Paul, Debra, & Turner, Paul (2010). Business analysis techniques: 72 essential tools for success. Swindon, UK: BISL.

David, Fred (2011). Strategic management: Concepts and cases. New York: Prentice Hall.

Gillespie, Andrew (2016). Foundations of Economics (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford Press. Gregorić, Marina (2014). ''PESTEL analysis of tourism destinations in the perspective of business tourism (MICE).'' In Tourism and hospitality industry 2014 (Congress proceedings) (pp. 551-565). Retrieved from https://www.fthm.uniri.hr/files/ Kongresi/THI /Papers/ 2014/THI_May2014_551to565.pdf

Gupta, Abhishek (2013). ''Environment & PEST analysis: An approach to external business environment.'' International Journal of Modern Social Sciences 2: 34- 43.

Hitt, Michael, Ireland, Duane, & Hoskisson, Robert (2007). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization (Concepts and cases). Mason, OH: Thomson.

Ho, Joseph (2014). ''Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.'' European Academic Research 2: 6478-6492.

Islam, Mohammad & Pattack, Dulal (2017). ''Impact of macro environmental factors on garments industry that drives export in Bangladesh.'' Studies in Business and Economics 12: 100-111.

Johnson, Gerry et al. (2011). Exploring strategy: Text & cases. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Kolinos, Athanasios & Read, George (2013). ''A political, economic, social, technology, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.'' Energies 6: 5023-5045.

Mayaka, Melphon & Prasad, Haushila (2012). ''Tourism in Kenya: An analysis of strategic issues and challenges.'' Tourism Management Perspectives 1: 48-56.

Putra, Nengah et al. (2017). ''The effect of strategic einvironment change toward Indonesia maritime security: Threat and opportunity.'' International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 12: 6037-6044.

Rauf, Abdul (2014). ''Environmental strategic factor analysis of the tourism industry in the South coastal part of Sri Lanka.'' Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences 5: 426-434.

Ritson, Neil (2008). Strategic management. Retrieved from http://lib.mdp.ac.id/ebook/ Karya%20Umum/Karya%20Umum-Neil%20Ritson.pdf

Sammut-Bonnici, Tanya & Galea, David (2015). ''PEST analysis.'' In Wiley Encyclopedia of management (Volume 12. Strategic management). Retrieved from http://online library.wiley.com/doi /10.1002/9781118785317.weom120113/abstract

Steiss, Alan Walter (2003). Strategic management for public and nonprofit organizations. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Song, Jinbo, Sun, Yan, & Jin, Lulu (2017). ''PESTEL analysis of the development of the waste-to-energy incineration industry in China.'' Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80: 276-289.

Suri, Monika & Kumar, Narendra (2016). ''Tourism and hospitality industry sustainability in competition in India.'' Amity Research Journal of Tourism, Aviation, and Hospitality 1: 15-26.

Team FME (2013). PESTLE analysis: Strategy skills. Retrieved from http://www.freemanagement- ebooks.com/dldebk-pdf/fme-pestle -analysis.pdf

Ural, A. ve Kılıç, İ. (2006). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık

Yüksel, Ihsan (2012). ''Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.'' International Journal of Business and Management 7: 52-66.