İslam’ın Klasik Çağında Ṣāḥibu Sünne Unvanı: Sünnîlik Nasıl Oluştu

Ṣāḥibu sünne terimine klasik Arapça biyografik kaynaklarda sıkça rastlanır. Bu makalede aṣḥābu sünne olarak nitelendirilen İslam âlimleri grubunu, böylesi bir isimlendirme almamış olan âlimlerle karşılaştırmaktayım. Sonuçlar, aṣḥābu sünne’nin ulemanın ayrı bir grubunu oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Aṣḥābu sünne’nin oluşumunun halife Me’mūn tarafından başlatılan Miḥne ile daha da hızlandığını öne sürüyorum. Aṣḥābu sünne’nin Miḥne’ye karşı koyuşu, Sünnîlerin itikatlarını kendisiyle tarif ettikleri daha ayrıntılı bir kalıp olan ehlu’s-sünne ve’l-cemā‘a’nın gelişimine katkıda bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Klasik İslam, Hadis, Miḥne, Ṣāḥibu sünne, Sünnîlik

The Appellation Ṣāḥib Sunna in Classical Islam: How Sunnism Came To Be

The term ṣāḥib sunna is frequently encountered in classical Arabic biographical dictionaries. In this article, I compare the group of Islamic religious scholars (ulama) identified as aṣḥāb sunna with comparable religious scholars who did not receive such a designation. The results show that the aṣḥāb sunna constituted a distinct group of Muslim religious scholars. I suggest that the formation of the aṣḥāb sunna was further prompted by the Miḥna initiated by the caliph al-Ma’mūn. The opposition of the aṣḥāb sunna to the Miḥna contributed to the development of the more elaborate formula ahl al-sunna wa-l-jamā‘a by which Sunnis define their creed.

Keywords:

Classical Islam, Hadith, Miḥna, Ṣāḥib sunna, Sunnism,

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