Duygu UYSAL, Hazal ÖZTAN, Ahmed Abdullah GAFUR, Özkan Murat DOĞAN

HİMMETOĞLU VE SEYİTÖMER BİTÜMLÜ ŞEYLLERİ İLE PLASTİK ŞEHİR ATIKLARININ KABARCIKLI AKIŞKAN YATAKLI REAKTÖRDE GAZLAŞTIRILMASI

Artan plastik kullanımı ve kullanılan plastiklerin bir süre sonra atık olarak birikmesi günümüzün başlıca sorunlarındandır. Atık plastiklerin yeniden değerlendirilmesi için termokimyasal dönüşüm prosesleri oldukça verimlidir. Atık plastiklerin tek başına ve çeşitli yerli kömürler ile birlikte gazlaştırılması sayesinde yakıt olarak kullanıma uygun CO, CH4 ve bir enerji taşıyıcısı olan H2 içeren sentez gazı üretimi mümkündür. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada, Himmetoğlu ve Seyitömer bitümlü şeylleri ile plastik atık karışımı (%56 polietilen, %28 polipropilen ve %16 polistiren) gazlaştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar, 4 cm iç çapında ve 110 cm boyundaki kuvars camdan imal edilen laboratuvar ölçekli akışkan yataklı sistemde gerçekleştirilmiş olup akışkanlaştırıcı gaz olarak hava ve gazlaştırıcı akışkan olarak da su buharı kullanılmıştır. Sıcaklığın (750◦C, 800◦C, 850◦C), su buharı akış hızının (5-10-15 g/dak) ve beslemedeki plastik oranının (%40 ve %70) sentez gazındaki H2 ve CH4 konsantrasyonuna etkileri incelenmiştir. 5-10 g/dak akış hızındaki su buharı kullanımı Himmetoğlu bitümlü şeylinin ve karışımlarının gazlaştırılması için uygundur. Seyitömer bitümlü şeyli ve karışımlarının gazlaştırılmasında ise 10-15 g/dak olacak şekilde daha yüksek akış hızlarının uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Himmetoğlu ve Seyitömer bitümlü şeyllerine %40 ve %70 oranında plastik atık karıştırıldığında üretilen sentez gazındaki H2 konsantrasyonu azalırken CH4 konsantrasyonu artmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, en yüksek H2 konsantrasyonu %21,33 (750◦C - 10 g/dak- %60 Himmetoğlu bitümlü şeyli ve %40 plastik beslemesi) ve en yüksek CH4 konsantrasyonu ise %74,71 (850◦C - 10 g/dak- %30 Himmetoğlu bitümlü şeyli-%70 plastik atık) olarak elde edilmiştir. Üretilmesi planlanan sentez gazının kullanım alanına göre sıcaklık, su buharı akış hızı ve besleme karışım oranı değiştirilerek uygun çalışma koşulları belirlenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bitümlü şeyl, Plastik atık, Akışkan yatak, Gazlaştıma, Hidrojen

GASIFICATION OF HIMMETOĞLU AND SEYITOMER OIL SHALES WITH PLASTIC CITY WASTES IN A BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Increasing use of plastics and accumulation of used plastics as waste after a while are the main problems of today. Thermochemical conversion processes are highly efficient for recycling waste plastics. With the gasification of waste plastics alone and with various local coals, it is possible to produce syngas containing H2, as an energy carrier, with CO and CH4 suitable for use as fuel. In this study, Himmetoğlu and Seyitömer bituminous shales and plastic waste mixture (56% polyethylene, 28% polypropylene, and 16% polystyrene) were gasified. Experimental studies were carried out in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed system made of quartz glass with an inner diameter of 4 cm and a length of 110 cm, and the air was used as a fluidizing gas and water vapor was used as a gasifier agent. The effects of temperature (750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃), water vapor flow rate (5-10-15 g / min), and plastic in the feed (40% and 70%) on the concentration of H2 and CH4 in the syngas were investigated. When the gasification results were examined, the use of steam with a flow rate of 5-10 g/min is suitable for the gasification of Himmetoğlu bituminous shale and its mixtures. In the gasification of Seyitömer bituminous shale and mixtures, it was determined that higher flow rates of 10-15 g min should be preferred.When 40% and 70% plastic waste was mixed into Himmetoğlu and Seyitömer bituminous shales, the concentration of H2 in the syngas decreased while the concentration of CH4 increased. As a result of the study, the highest H2 concentration was obtained as 21.33% (750 ℃ - 10 g / min- 60% Himmetoğlu bituminous shale - 40% plastic waste) and the highest CH4 concentration was obtained as 74.71% (850℃- 10 g / min- 30% Himmetoğlu bituminous shale- 70% plastic waste). Suitable operating conditions can be determined by changing temperature, steam flow rate, and feed mixture ratio according to the usage area of the syngas planned to be produced.

Keywords:

Oil shale, Plastic waste, Fluidized bed, Gasification, Hydrogen,

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