An emission reduction method in liquid hydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles

An emission reduction method in liquid hydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles

An emission reduction method has been analyzed for Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) powered Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) using GREET software in this study. In the analysis, cooling rates and Coefficient of Performance (COP) values of the proposed system have been calculated for FCVs that considered. Average reductions of the years 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050 in emissions for the use of Auxiliary Air Condition (AAC) system in the FCVs are analyzed in g/year for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Particulate Matters (PM10 & PM2.5), and Sulfur Oxides (SOx). Average reduction in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission is calculated and given in kg/year. All the emissions decrease in significant proportions due to the reduction in fuel consumption by less usage of the main AC system of the vehicles.

___

  • Ciniviz, M. and Köse, H., (2011) "The use of hydrogen in internal combustion engine: a review". International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 1.
  • Tüccar, G., Tosun, E., Özcanlı, M. and Aydın, K., (2013) "Possibility of Turkey to transit Electric Vehicle-based transportation", International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 2: 64-69.
  • Akar, M.A., Kekilli, E., Bas, O., Yildizhan, S., Serin, H. and Ozcanli, M., (2018) “Hydrogen enriched waste oil biodiesel usage in compression ignition engine”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 38, 18046-18052.
  • Baltacioglu, M.K., Arat, H.T., Özcanli, M. and Aydin, K., (2016) “Experimental comparison of pure hydrogen and HHO (hydroxy) enriched biodiesel (B10) fuel in a commercial diesel engine”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41, 19, 8347-8353.
  • Ozcanli, M., Akar, M.A., Calik, A. and Serin, H., (2017) “Using HHO (Hydroxy) and hydrogen enriched castor oil biodiesel in compression ignition engine”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42, 36, 23366-23372.
  • Ozcanli, M., Bas, O., Akar, M.A., Yildizhan, S. and Serin, H., (2018) “Recent studies on hydrogen usage in Wankel SI engine”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 38, 18037-18045.
  • Stockhausen, W.F., Natkin, R.J., Kabat, D.M., Reams, L., Tang, X., Hashemi, S., “Ford P2000 hydrogen engine design and vehicle development program”, SAE Paper No. 2002-01-0240.
  • Tang, X. Kabat, D.M., Natkin, R.J., Stockhausen, W.F., Heffel, J., “Ford P2000 hydrogen engine dynamometer development”, SAE Paper No. 2002-01-0242.
  • Arnold, G., and Wolf, J., (2005) “Liquid Hydrogen for Automotive Application Next Generation Fuel for FC and ICE Vehicles”, Teion Kogaku (J. Cryo. Soc. Jpn.), 40, 6.
  • Wallner, T., Lohse-Busch, H., Gurski, S., Duoba, M., Thiel, W., Martin, D., Korn, T., (2008) “Fuel economy and emissions evaluation of BMW Hydrogen 7 Mono-Fuel demonstration vehicles”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33, 24, 7607-7618.
  • Kiesgen, G., Kluting, M., Bock, C., Fischer, H., “The new 12-cylinder hydrogen engine in the 7 series: The H2 ICE age has begun”, SAE Paper No. 2006-01-0431.
  • Pehr, K., (1996) “Aspects of safety and acceptance of LH2 tank systems in passenger cars”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 21, 5, 387–395.
  • Michel, F., Fieseler, H., Meyer, G., Theissen, F., (1998) “On-board equipment for liquid hydrogen vehicles”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 23, 3, 191–199.
  • Ansarinasab, H., Mehrpooya, M. and Mohammadi, A., (2017) “Advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analyses of a hydrogen liquefaction plant equipped with mixed refrigerant system”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 144, 248-259.
  • Theiler, G., Gradt, T., (2018) “Friction and wear behaviour of polymers in liquid hydrogen”, Cryogenics, 93, 1-6.
  • Farrington, R., Cuddy, M., Keyser, M., and Rugh, J., “Opportunities to Reduce Air-Conditioning Loads Through Lower Cabin Soak Temperatures,” Presented at the 16th Electric Vehicle Symposium, China, October 13-16, 1999.
  • Dincer, I., (2007) “Environmental and sustainability aspects of hydrogen and fuel cell systems”, International Journal of Energy Research, 31, 1, 29-55.
  • Randaxhe, F., Lemort, V., Lebrun, J., (2015) “Global Optimization of the Production and the Distribution System for Typical European HVAC Systems”, Energy Procedia, 78, 2452-2457.
  • Linder, M., Mertz, R., Laurien, E., (2010) “Experimental results of a compact thermally driven cooling system based on metal hydrides”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 14, 7623-7632.
  • Pino, F.J., Marcos, D., Bordons, C., Rosa, F., (2015) “Car air-conditioning considerations on hydrogen consumption in fuel cell and driving limitations”, International journal of hydrogen energy, 40, 11696-11703.
  • Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Feng, X., Chang, L., Chen, Y., Wang, X., (2018) “The solutions to electric vehicle air conditioning systems: A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 91, 443-463.
  • Fayazbakhsh M.A. and Bahrami, M., “Comprehensive Modeling of Vehicle Air Conditioning Loads Using Heat Balance Method”, SAE International, 2013-01-1507.
  • Meier, K., Kurtz, C., Weckerle, C., Hubner, M., Bürger, I., (2018) “Air-conditioning system for vehicles with on-board hydrogen”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 129, 1150–1159.
  • Cengel, Y.A. and Boles, M.A., (2005) “Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach”, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Gendebien, S., Parthoens, A., Lemort, V., (2019) “Investigation of a single room ventilation heat recovery exchanger under frosting conditions: Modeling, experimental validation and operating strategies evaluation”, Energy and Buildings, 186, 1-16.
  • Ruth, D.W., (1975) “Simulation of modelling of automobile comfort cooling requirements”, ASHRAE Journals, 53-55.