Uluslararası Çerçevelere Göre 21.Yüzyıl Becerileri ve Eğitim Sisteminde Kazandırılması

Bu çalışmada öncelikle farklı kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından çerçevesi çizilen ve bireylerin edinmeleri gerekli 21.Yüzyıl becerileri ortaya konulmuştur. Ardından 21.Yüzyıl becerilerinin eğitim sistemi içinde öğrencilere nasıl kazandırılabileceği incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda incelenen farklı rapor, doküman ve araştırmalara göre 21.Yüzyıl becerilerinin temel beceriler ve okuryazarlık becerileri boyutlarında güçlü biçimde tartışıldığı görülmüştür. Temel beceriler eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme, yenilikçilik ve yeni fikirler üretme, iş birliği ve iletişim, liderlik, kültürler arası ve küresel farkındalık niteliklerine vurgu yapmaktadır. Okuryazarlık becerileri ise Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (BİT) okuryazarlığı, Bilgi okuryazarlığı, Temel içerik bilgisine ilişkin okuryazarlık (Ana dil, sanat, ekonomi, coğrafya, vatandaşlık, Matematik ve fen okuryazarlığı), sağlık, çevre ve finansal okuryazarlık niteliklerine vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu becerilerin eğitim sistemi içinde kazandırılabilmesine yönelik zihniyet dönüşümü, farkındalık oluşturma, öğretmen niteliklerini geliştirme ve eğitim programlarında düzenlemeler gibi önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

21.Yüzyıl Becerileri, Öğrenen Becerileri, Okuryazarlık Becerileri, Beceri Gelişimi, Temel Beceriler

21st Century Skills According to International Frameworks and Building them within the Education System

The present study focused on the 21st century skills, which have been conceptualised by various institutions, and individuals need to gain. More specifically, how these skills could be acquired by individuals through the education system was examined. An analysis of different reports, documents and research studies indicates that the 21st century skills have been addressed in terms of basic skills and literacy skills. While the basic skills emphasise critical thinking, problem-solving, innovation and new ideas, cooperation and communication, leadership, and intercultural and global awareness; the literacy skills highlight information and communication technologies (ICT) literacy, information literacy, literacy concerning the essential content knowledge (i.e. mother tongue, arts, economics, geography, citizenship, mathematics), science literacy, health literacy, environmental literacy and financial literacy. This study puts forward suggestions on building the skills in question within the education system, such as changing the mentality, raising awareness, developing the teacher qualifications and making arrangements in education programs.

Keywords:

21st Century Skills Learner Skills, Literacy Skills, Skill Development, Basic Skills, Basic Skills,

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