Nasıl Bir Gelecek? Küresel Bağlamda Romanya İş Hukukunun Dönüşümü

Son yirmi yılda, iş kanununun krizde olduğu ve bu nedenle işçileri koruma ana görevini yerine getirmesinin giderek zorlaştığı iddiası yaygın hale gelmiştir. Bu her şeyden önce klasik iş hukuku kuralları oluşturulduğundan beri, işgücü piyasasının üretime ve ekonomiye, küreselleşmeye, dijitalleşmeye ve esnek çalışmaya doğru kaymasıyla birlikte toplumun bir bütün olarak derin bir değişim geçirmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. 4.0 sanayi devriminin ardından amaç 5.0 toplumuna ulaşmaktır ve yapay zeka, dijitalleşme ve robotlaşmanın da gösterdiği yön budur. Kısa çalışmamızda iş kanununun buna ne kadar hazır olduğunu, ortaya çıkabilecek başlıca sorun ve engellerin neler olduğunu sorguluyoruz. Bunu, Romanya’nın yasal gelişimini örnek alarak ve mevcut pandemi sonrasında uygulamaya konulan iş kanunu önlemlerinin değerli bir deneyim olduğu varsayımından yola çıkarak yapıyoruz. Nitekim hukuk, bir süredir bu sorunlarla yoğun biçimde uğraşmaktadır. Bu nedenle, pandemi bağlamında getirilen bazı önlemlerin işgücü piyasası ve işçilerin durumu üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek ve bu deneyimlerden ders almak akıllıca olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İş hukuku, Esnek güvence, Dijitalleşme, İş yaşam dengesi, Romanya

How Will the Future Be? The Transformation of Romanian Labour Legislation in a Global Context

Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly common to hear the verdict that labour law is in crisis, finding it increasingly difficult to fulfil its main task of protecting workers. This is happening first and foremost because since classical labour law rules were established, society as a whole has undergone a profound change, with the labour market shifting towards production and the economy, globalisation, digitalisation and flexible work. Following the 4.0 industrial revolution, the aim is to achieve a 5.0 society, and this is the direction artificial intelligence, digitalisation and robotisation point to as well. In our short study, we ask to what extent labour law is ready for this, and what are the main problems and obstacles that may arise. We do this by taking the example of Romania’s legal development, and starting from the premise that the labour law measures introduced in the wake of the current pandemic are a valuable experience, as they have acted as a catalyst to bring to the fore dilemmas that labour law has been struggling with for some time. We can therefore experiment with the effects of some of the measures introduced in the context of the pandemic on the labour market and the situation of workers, and it would be wise to learn from these experiences.

Keywords:

Labour law, Flexicurity, Digitalization, Work-life balance, Romania,

PDF

___

Bell, Mark. “Between Flexicurity and Fundamental Social Rights: The EU Directives on Atypical Work”. European Law Review. 37/1 (2012): 31-48.
Bravo-Ferrer, Miguel Rodriguez-Pinero and Miguel Rodriguez-Pinero Royo. “The Role of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in Job Creation Policies”. Job Creation and Labour Law: From Protection towards Pro-Action. Ed. Marco Biagi. Dordrecht/London/Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
Davies, Paul and Mark Freedland. Labour and the Law. Oxford University Press, 1983.
Deakin, Simon. “The Comparative Evolution of the Employment Relationship”. Boundaries and Frontiers of Labour Law. Goals and Means in the Regulation of Work. Eds., Guy Davidov and Brian Langille. Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2006.
Deakin, Simon. The Many Futures of The Contract of Employment. University of Cambridge: ESRC Centre for Business Research, 2000.
Deguchi, Atshusi, Yasunori Akashi, Eiji Hato, Junichiro Ohkata, Taku Nakano and Shin’ichi Warisawa. “Solving Social Issues through Industry-Academia Collaboration”. Society 5.0. A People-centric Super-smart Society, Hitachi-UTokyo Laboratory: Springer Open, 2020.
Eurofound-International Labour Office. Working Anytime, Anywhere: The Effects on The World of Work. Geneva, 2017.
European Commission. “Flexicurity”. Last accessed June 18, 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=102&langId=en&.
European Commission. Country Report Romania 2020. Bruxelles, 26.2.2020, SWD (2020) 522 final. Last accessed 15 February, 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/RO/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020SC0522&from=EN.
Eurostat. “Working from Home in EU”. June 20, 2018. Last accessed February 15, 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20180620-1.
Freyne, David. The Refusal of Work. London: Zed Books, 2015.
Graeber, David. Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. London: Penguin Books, 2018.
Han, Byung-Chul. The Burnout Society. Budapest: Typotex, 2019.
Hepple, Bob. Labour Laws and Global Trade, Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2005.
Hodder, Andy. “New Technology, Work and Employment in the era of COVID-19: Reflecting on Legacies of Research”. New Technology, Work and Employment. 35/3 (2020): 262-275.
Janssen, Ronald. “Flexicurity: The Model That Never Was”. Social Europe. December 6, 2013. Last accessed 18 June, 2021. http://gesd.free.fr/flexijan.pdf.
Jorgensen, Henning and Per Kongshoj Madsen. “Flexicurity and Beyond - Reflections on the Nature and Future of a Political Celebrity”. Flexicurity and Beyond: New Agenda for the European Social Model. Eds., Henning Jorgensen and Per Kongshoj Madsen, Copenhagen: DJF, 2007.
Kapoor, Radhicka. “The Unequal Effects of the Covid-19 Crisis on the Labour Market”. The India Forum. August 7, 2020. https://www.theindiaforum.in/article/unequal-effects-covid-19-crisis-labour-market.
Keune, Maarten and Maria Jepsen. Not Balanced and Hardly New: The European Commission’s Quest for Flexicurity. Brussels: ETUI-REHS, 2007.
Leovaridis, Cristina and Andreea Nicolăescu. “Raportul Viață Profesională – Viață Privată, Preocupare De Actualitate A UE În Domeniul Pieței Muncii”. Revista Română de Sociologie. 22 (2011).
Lott, Yvonne. “The Need for a Gender Perspective on Digitalization”. Social Europe. August 5, 2015. https://socialeurope.eu/need-gender-perspective-digitalization.
Meyer, Henning. “The Work and Inequality Challenge of the Digital Revolution: How Should Governments Respond?”. Social Europe Journal. August 13, 2015. https://socialeurope.eu/the-work-and-inequality-challenge-of-the-digital-revolution-how-should-governments-respond.
Musinszky, Zoltán, Magdolna Vallasek, Gábor Mélypataki, Erika Horváthné Csolák and Katalin Lipták. “Workaholism and a New Generation-Labour Market Survey among Hungarian and Romanian Youth”. Amfiteatru Economic. 22/14 (2020): 1227-1242.
Parent-Thirion, Agnes. “Working Hours Are Decreasing, So Does Work-Life Balance Still Matters?”. Foundation Focus. (Special Issue: Work-Life Balance: Creating Solutions for Everyone), 19 (2016): 3-4,
Piasna, Agnieszka. “Counting Gigs: How Can We Measure The Scale Of Online Platform Work”. European Trade Union Institute, Working Paper 2020.06. Brussels, 2020.
Roubini, Nouriel. “Will Technology Destroy Jobs?”. Social Europe. January 14, 2015. https://socialeurope.eu/technology-2.
Ryder, Guy. “Labour in the Age of Robots”. Social Europe. February 27, 2015. https://socialeurope.eu/labor-in-the-age-of-robots.
Social Europe. Many Ways, One Objective: Annual Report of the Social Protection Committee on the Social Situation in the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014.
Valenduc, Gérard and Patricia Vendramin. “Work in the Digital Economy: Sorting the Old from the New”. Working Paper 2016.03. Brussels: ETUI, 2016.