Figen Ongoz DEDE, Umut BALLİ, Bahattin AVCİ, Seyma Bozkurt DOGAN

Relationship between gingival inflammation and total glutathione

Aim: Glutathione, which is known to be the main antioxidant, is the foremost redox regulator in the control of inflammatory processes. The goal of this study was to investigate the levels of total glutathione, which plays a central role in cellular antioxidantdefense, in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma of individuals with gingivitis and periodontally healthy.Materials and Methods: Fifteen periodontally healthy subjects and 15 individuals with gingivitis were enrolled in the study. Samples of GCF, plasma, and clinical measurements were attained before and one month after non-surgical periodontal therapy.GCF and plasma levels of total glutathione were analyzed using spectrophotometric assay.Results: It was found that the levels of total glutathione in GCF were lower in gingivitis group than those in the periodontally healthy group (P0.05). Also, a statistically significant rise in GCF and plasma total glutathione levels in gingivitis group was found after periodontal therapy compared to baseline (P

PDF

___

Chu L, Dong Z, Xu X, Cochran DL, Ebersole JL. Role of glutathione metabolism of Treponema denticola in bacterial growth and virulence expression. Infect Immun 2002;70(3):1113-20.
Lomaestro BM, Malone M. Glutathione in health and disease: pharmacotherapeutic issues. Ann of Pharmacother 1995;29(12):1263-73.
Lamster IB, Oshrain RL, Fiorello LA, Celenti RS, Gordon JM. A comparison of 4 methods of data presentation for lysosomal enzyme activity in gingival crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15(6):347-52.
Erdemir EO, Duran I, Haliloglu S. Effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2004;31(2):99-104.
Griffiths GS. Formation, collection and significance of gingival crevice fluid 200. 2003;31:32-42.
Chapple IL. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Periodontol 1997;24(5):287-96.
Stoyell KA, Mappus JL, Gandhi MA. Clinical efficacy of turmeric use in gingivitis: A comprehensive review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2016;25:13-17.
Curtis MA, Griffiths GS, Price SJ, Coulthurst SK, Johnson NW. The total protein concentration of gingival crevicular fluid. Variation with sampling time and gingival inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15(10):628-32.
Rudin HJ, Overdiek HF, Rateitschak KH. Correlation between sulcus fluid rate and clinical and histological inflammation of the marginal gingiva. Helv Odontol Acta 1970;14(1):21-6.
Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J 1975;25:229-35.
Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correletion between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:121-35.
Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963;21:531-51.
Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol 1999;4(1):1-6.
Buduneli N, Kardeşler L, Işik H, Willis CS, Hawkins SI, Kinane DF, et al. Effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidant capacity. J Clin Periodontol 2006;33(3):159-64.
Slots J. Periodontology: past, present, perspectives. Periodontol 2000. 2013;62(1):7-19.
Corbet EF, Zee KY, Lo EC. Periodontal disease in Asia and Ocenia. Periodontol 2000.2002;29:122-52.
Biju T, Shabeer MM, Amitha R, Rajendra BP, Suchetha K.dismutase and glutathione levels in periodontallydiseased patients: An interventional study. Indian J Dent Res 2014;25(5):613-6.
Tsai CC, Chen HS, Chen SL, Ho YP, Ho KY, Wu YM, et al. Lipid peroxidation: a possible role in the induction and progression of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2005;40(5):378-84.
Grant MM, Brock GR, Matthews JB, Chapple ILC. Crevicular fluid glutathione levels in periodontitis and the effect of non-surgical therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37(1):17-23.
Panjamurthy K, Manoharan S, Ramachandran CR. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with periodontitis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2005;10(2):255-64.
Di Renzo L, Galvano F, Orlandi C, Bianchi A, Di Giacomo C, La Fauci L, et al. Oxidative stress in normal-weight obese syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010;18(11):2125-30.
Ridgeway EE. Periodontal disease: diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2000;12(3):79-84.
Chapple IL, Brock G, Eftimiadi C, Matthews JB. Glutathione in gingival crevicular fluid and its relation to local antioxidant capacity in periodontal health and disease. Mol Pathol 2002;55(6):367-73.
Chapple IL, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000.2007;43:160-232.
Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, et al. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2004;114(12):1752-61.
Waddington RJ, Moseley R, Embery G. Reactive oxygen species: A potential role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Oral Dis 2000;6(3):138-51.