Yusuf YAKUPOGULLARİ, Baris OTLU

Zika virüs: son on yılın dördüncü pandemi tehdidi

Zika Virüs (ZIKV), ilk tanınmasından yaklaşık 70 yıl sonra Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından global bir tehdit olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bazı Aedes türü sivrisinekler ile insana bulaşan ZIKV günümüze kadar genellikle tropikal ve subtropikal coğrafi bölgelerde sporadik ve salgın şeklinde enfeksiyonlara neden olmuştur. Semptomatik hastalarda çoğunlukla kendiliğinden iyileşen döküntülü febril bir infeksiyon oluştursa da; sağlıklı erişkinlerde akut hastalığı takiben gelişen Guillain-Barre sendromu gibi immün nedenli nörolojik sorunlara ve enfekte hamilelerin bebeklerinde mikrosefali gelişimine neden olması ile asıl önemi anlaşılmıştır. Vektör dışında kan yolu ve cinsel ilişki ile de bulaş gösterebilmesi ZIKV’nin toplum içinde yayılımını hızlandırabilecek en önemli özelliği olarak tanımlanmıştır. Virüsü yayan sivrisinek türlerinin Ülkemizin de içinde bulunduğu geniş bir coğrafi alanda yaşaması Türkiye için süreğen bir sağlık riski oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, 2016 yazında virüsün en fazla görüldüğü Brezilya’da olimpiyat oyunlarının yapılacak olması ile oluşacak insan hareketliliğinin dünyaya virüs yayılımını hızlandırabileceği konusundaki endişeleri arttırmaktadır. Bu derlemede, ZIKV’nin tanınmasının tarihsel süreci içinde bulaş özellikleri, neden olduğu sağlık sorunları ve tedavi özelliklerine ait güncel verilerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmış ve önleyici girişimler konusunda bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Zika virus: fourth pandemic threat of the last decade

After its first discovery for 70 years, World Health Organization has classified the Zika virus (ZIKV) as a global health risk. The ZIKV that is transmitted to human by some species of Aedes mosquitos has caused sporadic and epidemic infections generally in tropical and subtropical regions to date. Though it mainly produces a self-limiting febrile rash disease in symptomatic cases, its real significance has been better understood after detection of its ability to promote immune-mediated neurologic disorders such as Guillain Barre syndrome in healthy adults following the acute infection, and microcephalia in the fetus of infected pregnants. Inaddition to vectors, its ability to spread by bloodborne and sexual route were recognized as the most potent feature of ZIKV to spread in population. Wide global distribution of the vectors, including our country, poses a substantial continuous risk for Turkey. Furthermore, increasing human movement due to the Olympic Games that will be held in Brazil in 2016 summer, where the virus is the most prevalent country, is a growing concern about augmenting the spread of virus to the world. In this review, latest data about the ZIKV transmission, health problems caused by, and treatment properties were aimed to be evaluated in a historical progress, and some preventive measurements were suggested.

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