Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Şartında Yer Alan Sığınma Hakkının Tahlili

Sığınma olgusu, sığınma ihtiyacı içerisinde olan bireyin temel haklarını ikame etmektedir ve doğası gereği insan hakları ile sıkı bir ilişki içerisindedir. Bu ilişkiye rağmen uluslararası hukukta sığınma hakkı, devletin egemenlik hakkının bir uzantısı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu hâliyle, birey açısından sığınma arama ve sığınmadan faydalanma hakkı olarak anlaşılan sığınma hakkı, devletlere sığınmacıyı ülkeye kabul etme ve sığınma sağlama sorumluluğunu yüklememiştir. Sığınma hakkının doğası ve devlet egemenliği ekseninde şekillenen uluslararası hukuktaki görünümü gereği sahip olduğu bu iki boyutlu anlam, sığınma hakkını düzenleyen Avrupa Birliği Temel haklar Şartı’nın 18. maddesinin hangi boyutta ele alınması gerektiği noktasında soru işaretleri oluşmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Zira Temel Haklar Şartı’nda yer alan sığınma hakkına ilişkin düzenlemenin lafzı bu hususta yeterince açık değildir. Ancak Şart’ta yer alan düzenlemenin yorumlanması neticesinde, bu düzenlemenin uluslararası hukuktaki sığınma hakkının bir yansıması olduğu ve Avrupa Birliği’nin uluslararası koruma hususunda var olan sorumluluklarından daha fazlasını ortaya koymadığı anlaşılmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sığınma, sığınma hakkı, sığınma arama hakkı ve sığınmadan faydalanma hakkı, Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Şartı

Evaluation of the Right to Asylum in Article 18 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Asylum is significantly related to human rights and deserves to be an individual right as it provides substitute protection of fundamental rights for those who lack the protection of their states of origin. However, the perception of the right of asylum in international law has not developed in accordance with the nature of the concept of asylum. Right of asylum in international law refers to the right of the state to grant asylum, being nothing more than a reflection of the state sovereignty. Within this context, individual asylum seeker is donated only with the right to seek and enjoy asylum. Since the nature of asylum and its perception in international law has developed through different directions; right to asylum, designated in article 18 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of The European Union, needs to be clarified. The reason for the need of such clarification is due to the ambiguous wording of the Charter’s relevant provision. Although the inclusion of right to asylum in the Charter was welcomed with some hope for constituting a challenge to the traditional perception in international law, it turns out to be a disappointment when the provision is fully interpreted. This is because; the right to asylum in the aforementioned provision brings nothing new to the traditional concept of right of asylum in international law

Keywords:

Asylum, right of asylum, right to seek and enjoy asylum, European Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights,

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