Elem TEPECİKLİOĞLU EYRİCE, Nazif MANDACI

Nijerya Federalizmi Nereye Gidiyor? Çatışma Yönetimi Aracı Olarak Federal Düzenlemeler

Federalizm, pek çokları tarafından çeşitliliğin korunması ve özellikle çoğulcu toplumlarda çatışmaların yönetilmesi konularında bir çare olarak görülmektedir. Nijerya’daki federal sistemin çatışma yönetimi kapasitesi de federalizm literatüründe geniş bir şekilde çalışılmış ancak bu çalışmaların çoğu Nijerya federalizminin belirli bir çatışma yönetimi mekanizmasına odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Nijeryalı karar vericilerin, ülkedeki mevcut çatışmaların çözülmesi yolunda birbiriyle bağlantılı üç federal çatışma yönetimi stratejisi benimsediğini iddia etmektedir. Devlet ve yerel yönetim sayısının artırılması, federal karakter prensibinin uygulanması ve gelir dağılımı sistemini revize etmek şeklinde sıralanabilecek birbirlerini tamamlayıcı nitelik taşıyan bu stratejiler, aynı zamanda birbirlerini sağlamlaştırmaktadır. Ancak, çalışma kapsamında da görüleceği üzere, Nijerya federalizminin kökenleri sömürgeci döneme dayanan ülkedeki bu mevcut çatışmaların üstesinden gelme konusunda birçok eksiği bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Federalizm, çatışma, çatışma yönetimi, Nijerya.

Whither Nigerian Federalism? Federal Arrangements as Conflict Management Devices

Federalism is accepted by many as a panacea to accommodate diversity and manage conflicts especially in pluralistic societies. It is therefore not surprising that conflict management capacity of Nigerian federal system has been long studied within the federalism literature with most of those studies concentrating on a particular conflict management mechanism of Nigerian federalism. This study argues, amongst other things that, Nigerian policy-makers have adopted three inter-related federal conflict management strategies to deal with the intransigent ethno-religious and ethno-regional conflicts prevalent in Nigerian society. Being complementary in their nature, the strategies of proliferation of component units, application of federal character principle and revising revenue-allocation formulae along with its derivation principle mutually reinforced each other. However, this study will reveal that Nigerian federalism is flawed in dealing with those conflicts having their roots in the colonial era.

Keywords:

Federalism, conflict, conflict management, Nigeria.,

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