Zorunlu Göçe Hegemonik İlişkiler ve İnsan Hakları Bakışı

Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesinden bu yana sığınmacılar, mülteci akışları ve yerlerinden edilmiş insanlar dâhil olmak üzere zorunlu göçmenlerin sayısı önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Ülke içinde ve uluslararası alanda yerinden edilmiş milyonlarca insan ‘mülteci’ olarak kabul edilmektedir. Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği'ne göre, 2021 yılı sonu itibariyla silahlı çatışma, yaygın şiddet, insan hakları ihlalleri ve yoksulluk gibi sebeplerle 89,3 milyon insan zorla yerinden edilmiş durumdadır. Konuyla ilgili araşırmalar, bazen, durumun ‘insancıl' tarafına odaklanmaktan yoksundur. Bu çalışma insan hakları perspektifinin, zorunlu göç çalışmalarında yer alması gereken temel perspektiflerden birisi olduğunu savunmaktadır. Devletler, uluslarüstü kurumlar ve uluslararası kuruluşlar, bu savunmasız insanları ‘koruma’ rolüne sahiptir. Hegemonik ilişkilerin engeli olarak, yardım kuruluşları ve ilgili uluslararası organizasyonlar ne yazık ki insan haklarının korunması konusunda bazen pasif halde kalmaktadır. Bu sorunun çözümü için devlet, uluslararası organizasyonlar ve ulusüstü yapılanmalardan destek almak kaçınılmazdır. Bu minvalde çalışma, zorunlu göç çalışmalarının hegemonik ilişkilerin toplumsal eleştirisine güçlü bir şekilde dâhil olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Zorunlu olarak yerlerinden edilen insanların haklarının korunması için çeşitli mekanizmalar olsa da kalıcı çözümler bulmak hala büyük bir zorluk teşkil etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Zorunlu göç, insan hakları, Yerinden edilen insanlar, Hegemonik İlişkiler

Hegemonic Relations and Human Rights Perspective of the Forced Migration

Since the end of the Cold War forced migrants including asylum seekers, refugees, and displaced people have increased dramatically. Millions of the aforementioned internally and internationally displaced people are considered ‘refugees’. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, there are 89,3 million people who are forcibly displaced due to armed conflict, generalized violence, human rights violations, or poverty by the end of 2021. Related research, sometimes, lacks focus on the 'humanistic' side of the situation. This study argues that the human rights perspective is one of the key perspectives that should be entailed in forced migration studies. The states, supranational institutions, and international organizations have the role of ‘protecting’ these vulnerable people. As an obstacle to hegemonic relations, charity organizations or institutions stand sometimes passive about the protection of human rights. Governmental or supranational support is inevitable for the solution to this problem. Within this direction, this study argues that forced migration studies are strongly engaged in societal criticism of hegemonic relations. Although there are various mechanisms to protect the rights of forcibly displaced people, finding durable solutions still poses a great challenge.

Keywords:

Forced Migration, Human Rights, Displaced People, Hegemonic Relations,

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