XIII. VE XIV. YÜZYIL HADİSELERİNE HERETİK BİR YAKARIŞ: KIRBAÇÇILAR HAREKETİ VE KUTSAL KAN İKONOGROFİSİ

Orta Çağ Hıristiyan toplumunda krizler, savaşlar, salgın hastalıklar, kıtlıklar Tanrı’nın bir gazabı olarak düşünülmekteydi. Bu tarz olumsuzluklarla karşı karşıya kalan insanlar, Tanrı’nın öfkesini yatıştırmak için çeşitli eylemlere başvuruyorlardı. XIII. ve XIV. yüzyılda Avrupa sokaklarına dökülen Kırbaççılar da, aynı içgüdü ile hareket etmekteydiler. Üst üste yaşadıkları felaketler neticesinde Tanrı’nın onları yok etmeye kararlı olduğuna inanmışlardı ve bedenlerini kırbaçlayarak bu sonun önüne geçmeyi, Tanrı’yı yatıştırmayı denediler. Ellerinde kırbaçlarla, yerel ilahiler eşliğinde şehirleri, kasabaları dolaştılar. Toplam otuz üç buçuk gün boyunca bedenlerini kırbaçla tedip ettiler. Ritüellerinde kanın özel bir yeri bulunmaktaydı ve bu kan Mesih’in kanını sembolize ediyordu. Ancak yerel otoriteler ve Papalık eylemlerini sakıncalı gördü ve yasakladı. XIV. yüzyıldaki eylemleri XIII. yüzyıla kıyasla daha fazla ses getirdi. Kırbaççılar XIV. yüzyılda radikalleştiler. Çalışmamızın amacı iki evre halinde tarih sahnesine çıkan Kırbaççıların ortaya çıkış serüvenlerini değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız XIII. ve XIV. yüzyılın sosyal tarihine konu üzerinden bir bakış açısı atmayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kırbaççılar, Kutsal Kan, Papalık, XIII. Yüzyıl, Kara Ölüm

HERETIC INVOCATION TO THE EVENTS OF THE XIIIth AND XIVth:THE FLAGELLANTS MOVEMENT AND THE HOLY BLOOD ICONOGRAPHY

In Medieval Christian society crises, wars epidemics, famines were considered as wrath of God. Faced with such adversities people took various actions to quell God’s anger. The Flagellants who took to the streets of Europe in the XIIIth and 14th centuries acted with the same instinct. As a result of the calamities they had experienced, they believed that God was determined to destroy them, and by whipping their bodies they tried to prevent this end and appease God. They wandered through cities and towns with whips in their hands and accompanied by locak hymns. For a total of thirty-three and a half days, they chastised their bodies with whips. Blood had a special place in their rituals, and this blood symbolixed the blood of Christ. However, local authorities and the Papacy saw their actions as objectionable and banned them. They actions in the XIVth century made more noise than in the XIIIth century. The Flagellants were radicalized in the XIVth century. The aim of our study is to evaluate the emergence adventures of the Flagellants, who appeared on the stage of history in two phases.In this context, our study aims to take a perspective on the social history of the XIIIth and XIVth centuries.

Keywords:

Flagellants, Holy Blood, Black Death, Papacy, XIIIth Century,

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