Çocuk Edebiyatında Toplumsal Cinsiyetsiz Karakterler: Bir Araştırma Örneği

Bu çalışma, "Balina ile Mandalina" yapıtında yer alan toplumsal cinsiyetsiz karakterlerin hangi roller içinde betimlendiğini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Böylelikle, bu kitapta yer alan karakterlerin duygu, düşünce ve davranışlarının tektipleştirilmiş/basmakalıp cinsiyetçi bir anlayış içinde yansıtılıp yansıtılmadığı belirlenecektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bu araştırmada, nitel bir araştırma deseni kullanılarak toplumsal cinsiyetsiz karakterlerin sunuluş biçimi incelenmiştir. Doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılan bu çalışmanın veri kaynağını, Fazıl Hüznü Dağlarca'nın "Balina ile Mandalina" adlı yapıtı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya konu olan verilere ise, içerik çözümlemesi türlerinden sıklık çözümlemesi tekniği uygulanmıştır. Bu bakımdan veriler, bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmış ve QDA Miner 4 programı aracılığıyla yapıtta yer alan toplumsal cinsiyetsiz karakterlerin hangi roller içinde oldukları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda ise, balina karakterinin en fazla 15 (%19.65) oranında "duygusal", 11 (%14.41) oranında "araştıran ve sorgulayan", 10 (%13.1) oranında "mutlu"; mandalina karakterinin ise, en fazla 14 (%19.6) oranında "duygusal", 10 (% 14) oranında "araştıran ve sorgulayan", 8 (%11.2) oranında "düşsel", 8 (%11.2) oranında "mutlu" olarak yansıtıldığı görülmüştür. Bu durum, yapıtta yer alan toplumsal cinsiyetsiz karakterlerin kadın ve erkek rollerine ilişkin olarak herhangi bir tektipleştirilmiş/basmakalıp cinsiyetçi anlayışı yansıtmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

çocuk edebiyatı, toplumsal cinsiyet, toplumsal cinsiyetsiz karakterler, Balina ile Mandalina

Gender-Neutral Characters in Children's Literature: A Survey Sample

This study aims to reveal in what roles the gender-neutral characters in the work “The Whale and the Tangerine” were defined. Thus, whether the emotions, ideas and behaviors of these characters in the book were stereotyped and reflected in a sexist approach or not will be determined. Accordingly, a qualitative research design was used and the way the gender-neutral characters were presented was examined. Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca’s work provides the data source of this study in which document analysis method was used. The data collected were analyzed through the frequency analysis which is a type of content analysis. Therefore, the data were transferred into computer and what roles the gender-neutral characters in the work had was found via QDA Miner 4 program. As a result of this study, the character “whale” was found to be emotional by a 15 (19,65%) ratio, researching and questioning by a 11 (14,41%) ratio, happy by a 10 (13,1%) at most; and the character “tangerine” was found to be emotional by a 14 (19,6%) ratio, researching and questioning by a 10 (14%) ratio, imaginative by an 8 (11,2%) ratio and happy by an 8 (11,2%) ratio at most. This situation meant that the gender-neutral characters in the book reflected no stereotyped sexist conception of male and female roles.

Keywords:

children’s literature, gender, gender-neutral characters, The Whale and the Tangerine,

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