Bitki Biyoteknolojisi’nde MikroRNA Tabanlı İnterferans Uygulamaları

Bitki biyoteknolojisi, modern genetik mühendisliği araçlarını kullanarak bitkilerin istenilen karakterlerinin iyileştirilmesini amaçlar. Son yıllarda, protein kodlamayan küçük RNA’lardan olan mikroRNA (miRNA) genlerinin yer aldığı, doğal gen ifadesini düzenleyici mekanizma olan RNA interferans (RNAi), bitki geliştirilmesinde faydalı bir araç olarak önem kazanmıştır. miRNA’ların, hemen hemen bütün biyolojik ve metabolik işlevde anahtar düzenleyici role sahip oldukları ortaya konulmuştur. Hücresel yolakların miRNA tabanlı RNAi ile manipüle edilmesi ile bitki yapısının değiştirilmesi, abiyotik streslere toleransın ve biyotik streslere direncin geliştirilmesi, bitkilerin besin değerlerince zenginleştirilmesi, meyve ve sebzelerde raf ömrünün uzatılması ve sekonder metabolit üretiminin artırılması gibi daha pek çok bitki biyoteknolojisi alanında başarılı örneklerin varlığı, bu teknolojinin gelecek vaat eden bir araç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu derleme, bitki miRNA genleri ve miRNA tabanlı RNAi teknolojisinin bitki iyileştirilmesinde uygulamalarına dair son gelişmeleri sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bitki biyoteknolojisi, miRNA, RNAi, Bitki iyileştirme

MicroRNA-Based Interference Applications in Plant Biotechnology

Plant biotechnology aims to improve desirable characters of plants by using modern genetic engineering tools. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi), which is a natural sequence-specific gene expression regulatory mechanism involving non-coding small RNAs like microRNA (miRNA), has gained importance as a beneficial tool for crop improvement. MiRNAs are identified as the key regulators in almost all biological and metabolic processes. Hereby, manipulating miRNA-based RNAi pathways offer a promising tool in the presence of successful applications on several fields of plant biotechnology, such as altering plant architecture, improving abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance, enrichment the nutritional value of plants, prolonging shelf life of fruits and vegetables, enhancing secondary metabolite production. This review aims to provide the latest updates on plant miRNAs and applications of miRNA-based RNAi technology for crop improvement.

Keywords:

Plant biotechnology, miRNA, RNAi, Plant improvement,

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