Konuşma Materyallerindeki Ünlülerin Frekans İçerikleri Açısından Anlaşılırlığa Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ünlülerinin frekans içerikleri açısından Türkçe tek heceli konuşma materyallerinin anlaşılırlıklarına etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ünsüz-ünlü-ünsüz biçimindeki tek heceli anlamlı konuşma materyallerinin yüksek frekans enerjileri farklı düzeylerde süzülerek filtrelenmiş türevleri oluşturuldu. Bu materyaller ve türevleri normal işiten genç yetişkinlere dinletilerek her birinin anlaşılırlık oranı belirlendi. Farklı filtre düzeylerinden elde edilen anlaşılırlık oranları kullanılarak materyallerin spektrumlarındaki yüksek frekanslı bölgelerin anlaşılırlık açısından önem değerleri hesaplandı. Tüm materyaller içerdikleri ünlülere göre gruplandırılarak grupların yüksek frekans önem değerleri istatistiksel olarak birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Tek yönlü varyans analizine göre ünlüler arasında yüksek frekans önem puanları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı. Grupların yüksek frekans önem puanlarına dayalı yapılan ikili karşılaştırmalarda /a/, /o/ ve /u/ grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken her birinin /e/, /i/ ve /ı/ gruplarından farklılaştığı, /e/, /i/ ve /ı/ grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı ortaya çıktı. Diğer taraftan /ü/ ve /ö/ gruplarının yüksek frekans önem puanlarının hiçbir gruptan anlamlı olarak farklılaşmadığı görüldü. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucuna göre /a/, /o/ ve /u/ ünlülerinin alçak frekanslılar, /ü/ ve /ö/ ünlülerinin orta frekanslılar ve /ı/, /i/ ve /e/ ünlülerinin yüksek frekanslılar olarak kategorize edilmesi önerilebilir. Bu kategorizasyon özellikle konuşma listelerinin kısaltılmış versiyonlarında listeler arasında daha geçerli bir fonemik dengeleme yapabilmek için kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Konuşma odyometrisi, fonemik dengeleme, tek heceli konuşma testleri, konuşma materyalleri

Comparison of the Effects of Vowels in Speech Materials on Intelligibility in Terms of Their Frequency Components

Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to compare the effects of vowels on the intelligibility of Turkish monosyllabic speech materials in terms of their frequency content. Materials and Methods: The high-frequency energies of the speech materials comprised of monosyllable meaningful words in consonant-vowel-consonant format were filtered so that their filtered derivatives were generated. These materials and their derivatives were presented to normal-hearing young adults, and the intelligibility rates of each material were determined. The significance values of the high-frequency regions in the spectra of the materials in terms of intelligibility were calculated using their intelligibility rates obtained from different filter levels. All materials were grouped according to their vowel content, and the high-frequency significance values of the groups were compared statistically. Results: According to a one-way analysis of variance, there was a statistically significant difference between the vowel groups in terms of high-frequency significance scores. In the pairwise comparisons based on high-frequency significance values of the groups, there was no significant difference between the /ɑ/, /Ɔ/ and /u/ groups, but each differed from the /ɛ/, /i/ and /ɯ/ groups. On the other hand, the high-frequency significance values of the /y/ and /œ/ groups did not differ significantly from any group (vowels are transcribed with the International Phonetic Alphabet). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be suggested to categorize /a/, /o/ and /u/ vowels as low-frequency, /y/ and /ɯ/ vowels as mid-frequency and /ɯ/, /i/ and /e/ as high-frequency vowels. This categorization may be used to make a more proper phonemic balance between lists, particularly in shortened versions of speech lists.

Keywords:

Speech audiometry, phonemic balance, monosyllabic speech tests, speech materials,

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