Güneş ERTAN, Selim Erdem AYTAÇ, Ali ÇARKOĞLU

TÜRKİYE'DE SİYASİ KURUMLARA GÜVEN: KÜLTÜREL VE KURUMSAL AÇIKLAMALAR İLE "KAZANAN TAKIM" ETKİSİNİN ROLÜ

Siyasi kurumlara güven, demokratik toplumlarda hem mevcut siyasal sistemin halk arasında uyandırmış olduğu genel tatmin düzeyinin bir göstergesi olarak görülebilir hem de sistemin meşruiyeti ve iyi işlemesi için temel koşullardan biridir. Bu nedenle, siyasi kurumlara güvenin düzeyini ve belirleyicilerini anlamak, sosyal bilimcilerin karşısına önemli bir soru olarak çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki seçmen yaşındaki nüfusu temsil etme niteliğine sahip bir örneklem ile 2015 yılının sonlarında gerçekleştirilen özgün bir saha araştırmasının verileri kullanılarak parlamento ve hükümete güvenin bireysel düzeydeki belirleyicilerini incelemekteyiz. Bulgularımıza göre bireylerin genel olarak hayatlarından ve ekonomik durumlarından memnuniyetleri, kişilerarası güven düzeyleri, ve siyasal etkinlik algıları ile siyasal güven arasında olumlu bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca iktidardaki AK Parti’nin seçmenlerinin siyasal kurumlara olan güveni diğer vatandaşlara göre daha yüksektir. Buna karşın, etnik ve dini azınlıklara mensup kişiler ile kentsel alanlarda yaşayanlar görece olarak daha düşük siyasal güven duygusuna sahip görünmektedir. Eğitim düzeyi ile siyasal güven arasında da negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

siyasal güven, Türkiye, kişilerarası güven, siyasi kurumlar

TRUST IN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN TURKEY: CULTURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL EXPLANATIONS AND THE “HOME TEAM" EFFECT

Trust in political institutions can be seen as an indicator of the level of general satisfaction with the political system in democratic societies, and it is also one of the fundamental conditions for the legitimacy and well-functioning of the system. For this reason, understanding the level of trust in political institutions as well as its determinants is an important question facing social scientists. In this study, we examine the individual-level determinants of trust in parliament and government in Turkey. Our data is based on an original survey with 2.495 respondents fielded between August 29 and November 29, 2015 on a nationally representative sample from 68 provinces. Our findings indicate that there is a positive relationship between political trust and satisfaction of individuals with their lives in general, with their economic circumstances, their level of interpersonal trust, and perceptions of political efficacy. In addition, supporters of the ruling AK Party display higher trust in political institutions. On the other hand, those belonging to Kurdish and Alevi communities and those living in urban areas seem to have relatively lower levels of political trust. There is also a negative relationship between level of education level and political trust. Overall, both institutional and cultural approaches to political trust have explanatory power within the Turkish context. Moreover, in line with the “winning team” argument, supporters of the current government, who can be considered as the winners of democratic contention, display higher levels of trust towards political institutions.

Keywords:

Political trust, Turkey, interpersonal trust, political institutions,

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