TÜRKİYE'DE ÖZELLEŞTİRMENİN KAMU MALİ DAVRANIŞLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Özelleştirme ile hedeflenen temel amaçlardan biri, devletin rolünü düzenleyici ve denetleyici olma sınırlarına çekerek serbest piyasa koşullarının tesisi ve işleyişine olanak sağlamaktır. Bununla birlikte özellikle finansman kısıtları olan veya bütçe açıklarını kontrol etmeye çalışan hükümetler, özelleştirmeyi ciddi bir gelir veya finansman kaynağı olarak da görmektedirler. Bu nedenle özelleştirme, mali ve makroiktisadi yansımaları olan bir olgudur. Bu çalışma özelleştirmenin kamu mali davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini Türkiye örneğinde incelemektedir. Bu amaçla özelleştirme gelirleri mali tepki modeli çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu modelin çözümü her bir bütçe gelir ve gider kalemi için bir ampirik denklem üreterek, doğrusal olmayan eşanlı denklem sistemi elde edilmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu sistem, 1986-2010 arası yıllık veriler kullanılarak doğrusal olmayan iki aşamalı en küçük kareler yöntemiyle tahmin edilmektedir. Bulgular, özelleştirme gelirlerinin genel olarak borç servisini ve vergi gelirlerini artırdığına işaret etmektedir. Bu durum, Türkiye'de kamunun, özelleştirme gelirlerine bütçe davranışları açısından olumlu (makul) tekpi verdiği anlamında yorumlanabilir.

EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON PUBLIC FISCAL BEHAVIOR IN TURKEY

One of the objectives of privatization is to establish a wellfunctioning competitive market by limiting the role of government only to regulation and supervision. In addition, the governments experiencing a serious financial distress or aiming to keep the budget deficits under control perceive privatization as a source of revenue or financing. Therefore, privatization has important fiscal and macroeconomic implications. This study investigates the effects of privatization on the fiscal behavior of governments in Turkey. To this end, privatization proceeds are incorporated into the framework of a fiscal response model. Employing the annual data over the periods of 1986-2010 to the empirical models, we find that privatization proceeds increase tax revenues and reduce debt burden, benefiting the fiscal position on the whole. This finding can be taken to interpret that the governments in Turkey tend to respond positively (wisely) to the proceeds from divestiture regarding their fiscal behavior.

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