Teknoloji Üretme Yeteneği, Verimlilik ve Dış Ticaret: Türkiye ve AB'nin Yeni Üyeleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme

Bu makalede, Türkiye ve AB’nin yeni üyeleri yeni teknoloji üretme yeteneği, verimlilik düzeyi ve dış ticaret yapısı açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ilk olarak, ‘yeni ticaret teorisi’ ile ülkeler arası büyüme farklarının ülkelerin beşeri sermaye ve yeni teknoloji üretme (taklit etme) yeteneği farklarıyla açıklandığı ‘içsel büyüme teorisi’nin çıkarsamaları arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra, Grubel-Lloyd indeksi kullanılarak Türkiye ve yeni AB üyelerinin dış ticaretinde endüstri-içi ticaretin payı incelenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Türkiye’nin yeni ürünler üretmedeki nispi yetersizliği ülkenin toplam ihracatında yüksek teknoloji ürünlerinin düşük bir paya sahip olmasını ve araştırma kökenli mallarda endüstri içi ticaretin düşük seviyelerde kalmasını açıklamada oldukça önemli ipuçları vermektedir. Bu sonuç, yeni ticaret ve büyüme teorilerinden elde edilen çıkarsamaları doğrular niteliktedir.

Technology Production Skill, Productivity and Foreign Trade: A Comparative Analysis on Turkey and EU's New Members

This paper compares the new ten members of the European Union (EU) and Turkey in terms of their ability to produce new technologies, productivity levels and trade structure. Firstly, the link between findings of the ‘new trade theory’ and the ‘endogenous growth theory’ in which the difference between growth level of countries is attributed to the differences in human capital and skills to produce (or imitate) new technologies are examined. Then, the share of intra-industry trade in total trade of Turkey and the new members is analyzed by using Grubel-Lloyd index. Results suggest that Turkey’s relative backwardness in creating new products is well reflected in its low share of high-tech exports and particularly in poor performance of intra-industry trade in research oriented goods. This result confirms the main conclusions derived from the new approaches on trade and growth.

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