KÜRESELLEŞME SÜRECİNDE ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BULGULAR

Küreselleşme sürecinin derinleşmesi, sanayileşme ve kentleşmenin artması, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve nüfus artışı gibi gelişmeler çevre üzerinde çeşitli etkilere yol açmaktadır. Çevresel bozulmaların meydana gelmesi ve ülke ekonomileri üzerinde tehdit unsuru haline gelmesi ile söz konusu sorunun çözülmesi önemli hale gelmiştir. Çevre kalitesinin artırılmasına yönelik olarak alınacak önlemlerin ve çevresel bozulmaların belirleyicilerinin tespit edilmesi son dönemde sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisinde finansal gelişme, ekonomik küreselleşme, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme ile çevresel bozulma ilişkisi incelenmektedir. 1980-2018 örneklem dönemine ait yıllık verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmada ampirik yöntem olarak ARDL sınır testinden yararlanılmıştır. ARDL sınır testi kısa dönem sonuçlarına göre; ekonomik küreselleşme, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümedeki artışlar çevresel bozulmayı artırmaktadır. Uzun dönemde ise, ekonomik küreselleşme ve ekonomik büyümedeki artışların çevresel bozulmayı artırdığı; finansal gelişmedeki artışların ise çevresel bozulmayı düşürdüğü elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar çevresel bozulmaların düşürülmesi için yenilenebilir enerji kullanımının ve yeşil büyümenin önemini ortaya koymuştur. Diğer yandan finansal derinleşmenin sağlanması ile çevresel kalitenin artırılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Finansal Gelişme, Küreselleşme, ARDL Sınır Testi, Türkiye

Environmental Degradation in the Process of Globalisation: Empirical Findings on Turkey

Developments such as the deepening of the globalization process, the increase in industrialization and urbanization, technological advances and population growth cause various effects on the environment. With the occurrence of environmental degradation and becoming a threat to the country's economies, it has become important to solve the problem in question. The determination of the measures to be taken to increase the environmental quality and the determinants of environmental degradation have been frequently discussed recently. This study examines the relationship between financial development, economic globalisation, energy consumption, economic growth and environmental degradation in the Turkish economy. The ARDL bounds test was used as an empirical method in the study, in which annual data from the 1980-2018 sampling period were used. According to the short-run results of the ARDL bounds test, increases in economic globalisation, energy consumption and economic growth increase environmental degradation. In the long run, increases in economic globalisation and economic growth are found to increase environmental degradation, while increases in financial development are found to decrease environmental degradation. These results revealed the importance of renewable energy use and green growth to reduce environmental degradation. On the other hand, it is concluded that environmental quality can be improved by ensuring financial deepening.

Keywords:

Ecological Footprint, Globalization, Financial Development, ARDL Boundary Test, Turkey,

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