Dr. Sergül DUYGULU, Doç.Dr. Süheyla ABAAN

Örgütsel Bağlılık: Çalışanların Kurumda Kalma ya da Kurumdan Ayrılma Kararının Bir Belirleyicisi

Örgütsel bağlılık, çalışanların kurumda kalma ya da ayrılma eğiliminin en önemli belirleyicilerinden birisidir. Örgüte bağlılık yaratma insan kaynakları yönetiminin temelini oluşturur. Hemşirelik yönetimi, çalışanlarının örgütlerine olan bağlılıklarını, iş yaşamı kalitelerini ve örgütle bütünleşmelerini destekleyecek politikaları geliştirir. Bu derlemede, örgüte bağlılık kavramı, örgütsel bağlılığa temel yaklaşımlar, örgütsel bağlılığın belirleyicileri, olumsuz davranışsal sonuçları, hemşirelik ve örgüte bağlılık, yönetici hemşirelerin konu ile ilgili rol ve sorumlulukları ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Örgüte bağlılık, hemşirelik, yönetici hemşireler, hastaneler

Organizational Commitment: One of the Determinants of Intention to Stay in or Leave From Organization

One of the important determinants of employee' intention to stay in or leave from organization is organizational commitment. Maintaining organizational commitment is an essential element in human resources management. Nursing management develops policies to support the organizational commitment, quality of work life and organizational integration of nurses. This article reviews the concept of organizational commitment, basic approaches to organizational commitment, determinants of organizational commitment, negative behavioral outcomes, nursing and organizational commitment, nurse managers' role and responsibilities for nurses' organizational commitment.

Keywords:

Organizational commitment, nursing, nurse mananers, hospitals,

PDF

___

Diğer taraftan Sağlık Bakanlığının Kamu Personeli Seçme Sınavı yolu ile hemşire
atama politikalarının, “çalışan ve işe uyumu” ilkesine (6,10) ters bir uygulama oldu
ğu gözlenmektedir. Bu şekilde eleman alan kurumlarda, kurumdan ayrılması duru
munda yüklenmesi gereken riski almak istemeyen, her şeye rağmen kurumda kalma
yı yeğleyen ve en az çaba ile işini yapma motivasyonuna sahip çalışanlar ordusunun
yaratılacağı söylenebilir. Yönetici hemşirelerin bu durumda, kurumlarda verimlilik
problemlerinin ortaya çıkabileceğini göz önünde bulundurmaları ve ivedilikle çalı
şanların örgütsel bağlılıklarını artırıcı çalışmalara başlamaları gerekmektedir.
Abaan S, Duygulu S. Hemşirelerin çalıştıkları kurumdan ayrılmalarına yol açabilecek olası nedenlerin ve örgüte bağlılıklarının incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2004;11(2):1-15.
Duygulu S, Abaan S. Bir yataklı tedavi kurumunda çalışan hemşirelerin örgüte bağlılık durumu. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2004;11(1):11-25.
Turhan B. Yönetici Hemşirelerin Kullandıkları Güç Tarzlarının Astları Tarafından Algılanışı ve Organizasyona Bağlılığın İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 9 Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İzmir: 1998.
Duygulu S, Korkmaz F. The Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Nurses Who Working at Two Different Hospitals. II. International Nursing Management Conference Abstract Book 2003;57.
Gregory DM, Way CY, Lefort S, Barrett BJ, Perfrey PS. Predictors of registered nurses’ organizational commitment and intent to stay. Health Care Management Review 2007;32(2):119-127.
Newhouse RP, Hoffman JJ, Suflita J, Hairston DP. Evaluating an innovative program to improve new nurse graduate socialization into the acute health care setting. Nursing Administration Quartly 2007; 31(1):50-60.
Ferreira MMF. Nurses organizational commitment the disciriminating power of gender. Nurse Admin Q. 2007;31(1): 61-67.
Kuokkanen L, Leino-Kilpi H, Katajisto J. Nurse empowerment, job-related satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Nursing Care Quality 2003;18(3):184-92.
Tourangeau AE, Cranley LA. Nurse intention to remain employed: understanding and strengthening determinants. Adv Nurs. 2006;55 (4):497-509.
Silverthorne CP. Organizational Psychology in Cross-Cultural Perspective. NewYork, NY,USA: New York University Press, 2005.
İlsev A. Örgütsel Bağlılık; Hizmet Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara: 1997.
Nelson DL, Quick JC. Organizational Behavior. Minneapolis/St.Paul: West Publishing Company;1997. s.109-110.
Jalonen P, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Kivimaki M. Predictors of sustained organizational commitment among nurses with temporary job contracts. Journal of Nursing Administration 2006;36(5):268-276.
Varoğlu D. Kamu Sektörü Çalışanlarının İşlerine ve Kuruluşlarına Karşı Tutumları, Bağlılıkları ve Değerleri. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara: 1993.
Becker TE, Billings R.S. Profiles of commitment: an emprical test. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1993;14:177-190.
Grusky O. Career Mobility and organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly 1966;10:488-503.
Becker HS. Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology 1960;66:32-40.
Kanter RM. Commitment and social organization: a study of commitment mechanisms in Utopian communities. American Sociological Review 1968;33(4): 499-517.
Hall DT, Schneider B, Nygren HT. Personal factors in organizational identification. Administrative Science Quarterly 1970;15:176-190
Buchanan B. Building organizational commitment: the socialization of managers in work organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 1974;19:533-546
Veccio RP. Organizational Behavior. 3rd Ed. Florida: The Dryden Press; 1995. s.137-138.
Porter LW, Steers RM, Mowday RT, Boulian PV. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology 1974; 59(5):603-609.
Tumulty G, Jernigan IE, Kobut G. Reconceptualizing organizational commitment. Journal of Nursing Administration January 1995; 25 (1): 61- 65.
Hellriegel D, Slocum JW, Woodman R. Organizational Behavior, 8th Ed. Ohio: South-Western College Publishing; 1998. s. 56-57.
Armstrong M. Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 10th Edition. London: GBR: Kogan Page, Limited;2006.s.272.
Gökmen S. İşletmeye Bağlılık Anketine Türkçe’ye Uyarlama ve Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Katsayılarını Belirleme Çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara. 1996.
Mowday RT, Steers RM, Porter LW. The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior 1979;14:224-247.
Aven FF, Parker B, McEvoy GM. Gender and attitudinal commitment to organizations: a meta- analysis. Journal of Business Research 1993;26:.63-73.
Loscocco K. Reactions to blue-collar work. Work and Occupations 1990;17(2):152-177.
Önal K. Çalışanın Kuruma Bağlılığı: Bir Özel Hastane Uygulaması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara: 1999.
Sungurlu M. Güç Tarzları ve Organizasyona Bağlılık. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İşletme Bölümü. İstanbul: 1994.
Erol V. İş Tatmini ve Örgütsel Bağlılık. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul: 1998.
Allen NJ, Meyer JP. Organizational commitment: evidence of career stage effects. Journal of Business Research 1993;26:49-61.
Parasuraman S. Nursing turnover: an integrated model. Research in Nursing & Health 1989;12: 267- 277.
Cohen A. An examination of the relationship between work commitment and work outcomes among hospital nurses. Scandinavian Journal of Management 1998;14(1/2):1-17.
Buchko AA, Weinzimmer LG, Sergeyev AV. Effect of cultural context on the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Journal of Business Research November 1998;43(3):109- 116.
Steers RM. Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly 1977;. 22: 45-56.
Mottaz CJ. Determinants of organizational commitment. Human Relations 1988;41(6):467-482.
Reichers AE. Conflict and organizational commitments. Journal of Applied Psychology 1986;71(3):508- 514.
Nystrom PC. Organizational cultures, strategies and commitments in health care organizations. Health Care Management Review 1993;18(1): 43-49.
Begley TM, Czajka J. Panel analysis of the moderating effects of commitment on job satisfaction, intent to quit and health following organizational change. Journal of Applied Psychology 1993;78(4):552- 556.
Knoop R. Relationships among job involvement, job satisfaction and organizational commitment for nurses. Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary & Applied 1995;129(6):643-649.
Alpender GG. Relationship between commitment to hospital goals and job satisfaction: A Case Study of a Nursing Department. Health Care Management Review 1990;15(4):51-62.
Vatansever Ç. İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamalarına Yönelik Tutumların Örgütte Bağlılığa Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul: 1994 .
Swansburg RC, Swansburg RJ. Introductory Manegement and Leadership for Nurses. 2nd Ed. Boston: Jones And Bartlett Publishers;1999.s.173.
McNeese-Smith D. Increasing employee productivity, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Hospital & Health Services Administration 1996;41(2):160-175.
Huang X, Shi K, Zhang Z, Cheung YL. The impact of participative leadership behavior on psychological empowerment and organizational commitment in Chinese state-owned enterprises: the moderating role of organizational tenure. Asia Pacific J. Manage 2006;23:345-367.
Loke JCF. Leadership behaviours: effects on job satisfaction, productivity and organizational commitment. Journal of Nursing Management 2001;9:191-204.
Leach LS. Nurse executive transformational leadership and organizational commitment. Journal of Nursing Administration May 2005;35(5):228-237.
Walumvwa FO, Wang P, Lawler JL, Shi K. The role of collective efficacy in the relations between transformational leadership and work outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 2004;77(4):515-531.
Avalio BJ, Zhu W, Koh W, Bhatia P. Transformational Leadership and organizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2004;25:951-968.
Sikorska-Simmons E. Predictors of organizational commitment among staff in assisted living. The Gerontologist. Washington April 2005;45(2):196-206. Available from:http://proquest.umi.com Accessed: 11.04.2006,
Angle HL, Perry JL. An emprical assesment of organizational commitment and oganizational effectivenes. Administrative Science Quarterly March 1981;26:1-14.
Jamal M, Baba VV. Job stress and burnout among canadian managers and nurses: an emprical examination. Canadian Journal of Publich Health 2000;91(6):454-459.
Corser WD. The changing nature of organizational commitment in the acute care anvironment. Journal of Nursing Administration June 1998;28(6):32-36.
Nedd N. Perceptions of empowerment and intent to stay. Nursing Economics 2006;24(1):13-18.
Meyer JP, Herscovitch L. Commitment in the workplace: towards a general model. Human Resources Management Review 2001;11:299–326.
Iun J, Huang X. How to motivate your older employees to excel? The impact of commitment on older employees’ performance in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 2007;26(4):793-806.
Jamal M, Baba VV. Job stress and burnout among canadian managers and nurses: an emprical examination. Canadian Journal of Publich Health 2000;91(6):454-459.
McNeese-Smith DK, Nazarey M. A nursing shortage: building ırganizational commitment among nurses / practitioner application. Journal of Health Care Management May/June 2001;46(3):173-187.
McDermott K. Laschinger HKS, Shamian J. Work empowerment and organizational commitment. nursing management 1996;27(5):44-47.
Kantav N. Örgütsel Bağlılık, Örgütsel Çatışma İlişkisi ve Medya Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul: 1998.
Mengüç B. An Emprical Study of the Relationship Between Cultural Orientations, Job Characteristics and Organizational Commitment for Turkish Industrial Sales Managers. Forth World Business Congress, İnnovation, Technology and Information Management for Global Development and Competitiveness. Ed. by Kaynak, Erem, İstanbul;1995. s. 422-427.
Bolon DS. Organizational citizenship behavior among hospital imployees: a multidimensional analysis involving job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Hospital & Health Services Administration Summer 1997;42(2): 221-241.
Huber D. Leadership and Nursing Care Management. (2.ed.). W.B. Saunders Company;2000
Marquis LB, Huston CJ. Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing. (4.ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams&Wilkins;2003
Sullivan EJ, Decker PJ. Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing. (5.ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall;2001
Yoder-Wise P. Leading and Managing in Nursing. (3.bs.). Mosby; 2003.