Poliüretanlar: Çok Yönlü Malzemelerin Tasarımı, Sentezi ve Yapı-Performans İlişkileri

Poliüretanlar hem ticari, hem de akademik araştırmalar açısından oldukça önemli ve ilginç polimerik malzemelerdir. Bunun en temel nedeni poliüretan sentezi için gerekli çok değişik özelliklere sahip çok fazla sayıda hammaddenin bulunmasıdır. Bu sayede çeşitli uygulamalar için çok farklı yapılar ve özellikler gösteren poliüretanlar tasarlamak ve üretmek mümkündür. Bu makalede poliüretanların tasarımı ve sentezi sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken ve polimer özelliklerine etki eden önemli fiziksel ve kimyasal değişkenler tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca hidrojen bağlarının poliüretanların yapı-morfoloji-özellik ilişkileri üzerindeki kritik etkileri hem deneysel, hem de hesaplamalı çalışmalar ile irdelenmektedir. Poliüretan yapısında bulunan yumuşak ve sert kısımların kimyasal yapılarının, çözünürlük parametrelerinin ve ortalama molekül ağırlıklarının morfoloji ve performans üzerine etkileri de ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmaktadır. Bunlara ilaveten polimerizasyon reaksiyonları sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken kritik konuların elde edilen poliüretanların yapısı ve özellikleri üzerine etkileri de belirtilmektedir. Polimer Biliminin 100cü yılını kutlamak amacı ile hazırlanmış olan bu makalenin hem genç, hem de deneyimli araştırmacılara poliüretanların yapısal tasarımları ve sentezleri sırasında göz önünde bulundurulması gereken önemli parametreler ve elde edilen polimerlerin yapı-performans ilişkileri ve uygulamaları konularında yardımcı olacağını umuyoruz.

Polyurethanes: Design, Synthesis and Structure-Property Behavior of Versatile Materials

Polyurethanes are one of the most important classes of polymeric materials. This is mainly due to the availability ofa very large number of inherently different starting materials that allows the design and synthesis of polyurethanebased materials with a wide range of properties for numerous applications. In this short review, important physical andchemical factors and parameters that have a significant effect on the properties of polyurethanes are discussed. Criticalcontribution of hydrogen bonding on the structure-morphology-property behavior of these materials was emphasized byboth experimental data and molecular simulation studies. Influence of the chemical structures, solubility parameters andmolecular weights of the soft and hard segments on morphology and properties were discussed. Important issues regardingthe reaction chemistry, synthetic method used and thermal history on structure and performance of polyurethanes wereexplained. We hope this article, which is prepared to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Polymer Science, will be useful tothose who are newcomers to the field, but also to the experienced researchers to better understand the structure-propertybehavior of polyurethanes and tailor-design novel structures for various applications.

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