Epileptik Olmayan Paroksismal Bozukluklar

Bu olaylar bilinç kaybı, otonomik değişiklikler, davranış değişiklikleri, tekrarlayan motor ve fizyolojik hareketlerin bulunması gibi özellikleri ile epileptik konvülsiyonların görünüşlerine bir veya birkaç yönüyle benzerlik gösterirler. Tablo 1’de epilepsilerle karışabilen paroksismal durumlar verilmiştir.

PDF

___

1. Brignole M, Alboni P, Benditt D, Bergfeldt L, Blanc JJ, Bloch Thomsen PE, et al. Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope, Eur Heart J 2001; 22:1256-306.
2. Johnston MV. Conditions that mimic seizures. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004:2009-12.
3. Bergfeldt L. Differential diagnosis of cardiogenic syncope and seizure disorders. Heart 2003; 89:353-8.
4. McLeod K A. Syncope in childhood, Arch Dis Child 2003; 88:350-3.
5. Benditt DG, van Dijk JG, Sutton R, Wieling W, Lin JC, Sakaguchi S, et al. Syncope, Curr Probl Cardiol 2004; 29:152-229.
6. Resnick TJ, Moshe SL, Perrota L, Chambers HJ. Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus, Arch Neurol 1986; 43:266-8.
7. Menezes MA. Paroxysmal non-epileptic events. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2002; 78 Suppl:73-88.
8. Kanazawa O. Shuddering attacks-report of four children, Pediatr Neurol 2000; 23:421-4.
9. Duncan R, Oto M, Russell AJ, Conway P. Pseudosleep events in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: prevalence and associations, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1009-12.
10. Bhatia MS. Pseudoseizures, Indian Pediatr 2004; 41:673-9.
11. Brett EM. Epilepsy and convulsions. In: Brett EM (ed), Paediatric Neurology, London: Churchill Livingstone, 1997:333-405.
12. Rajadhyaksha SB, Bahl VB. Hyperekplexia: a non-epileptic startle disorder. Indian Pediatr 2002; 39:773-6.
13. Kwok JB, Raskin S, Morgan G, Antoniuk SA, Bruk I, Schofield PR. Mutations in the glycine receptor alpha1 subunit (GLRA1) gene in hereditary hyperekplexia pedigrees: evidence for non-penetrance of mutation Y279C, J Med Genet 2001; 38:E17.
14. Floeter MK, Andermann F, Andermann E, Nigro M, Hallett M. Physiological studies of spinal inhibitory pathways in patients with hereditary hyperekplexia, Neurol 1996; 46:766-2.
15. Praveen V, Patole SK, Whitehall JS. Hyperekplexia in neonates, Postgrad Med J 2001; 77:570-2.
16. Shepherd RW, Wren J, Evans S, Lander M, Ong TH. Gastroesophageal reflux in children. Clinical profile, course and outcome with active therapy in 126 cases, Clin Pediatr 1987; 26:55-60.
17. Kotagal P, Costa M, Wyllie E, Wolgamuth B. Paroxysmal nonepileptic events in children and adolescents, Pediatrics 2002; 110:1-5.
18. van Harten PN, Hoek HW, Kahn RS. Acute dystonia induced by drug treatment, BMJ 1999; 4;319:623-6.
19. Sanger TD, Delgado MR, Gaebler-Spira D, Hallett M, Mink JW. Task force on childhood motor disorders. classification and definition of disorders causing hypertonia in childhood, Pediatrics 2003; 111:89-97.
20. Gottlob I, Wizov SS, Reinecke RD. Spasmus nutans. A long-term followup, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 119:374-6.
21. Foulkes D. Fluids and electrolytes. In: Gunn VL, Nechyba C eds. The Harriet Lane Handbook, Philadelphia: Mosby, 2002:233-51.
22. Lindskog U, Ödkvist L, Noaksson L, Wallquist J. Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo in Childhood: A Long-term Follow-up, Headache 1999; 39:33-7.
23. Rödöö P, Hellberg D. Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood: a new diagnostic marker, J Pediatr 2005; 146: 548-51.
24. Drigo P, Carli G, Laverda AM. Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy, Brain Dev 2000; 22:169-72.
25. Hanukoglu A, Somekh E, Fried D. Benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy, Clin Pediatr 1984; 23:272-4.
26. Kimura S, Nezu A. Electromyographic study in an infant with benign paroxysmal torticollis, Pediatr Neurol 1998; 19:236-8.
27. Houser MK, Soland VL, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Marsden CD. Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis: a report of 26 patients, J Neurol 1999; 246:120-6.
28. Hattori H, Fujii T, Nigami H, Higuchi Y, Tsuji M, Hamada Y. Co-segregation of benign infantile convulsions and paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis, Brain Dev 2000; 22: 432-5.
29. Huang YG, Chen YC, Du F, Li R, Xu GL, Jiang W, et al. Topiramate therapy for paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis, Mov Disord 2005; 20:75-7.
30. DiMario FJ. Prospective study of children with cyanotic and pallid breath-holding spells, Pediatrics 2001; 107:265-9.
31. Menkes JH, Sankar R. Paroxysmal disorders. In: Menkes JH ed. Textbook of Child Neurology, Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins, 1990:725- 814.
32. Heussler HS. Common causes of sleep disruption and daytime sleepiness: childhood sleep disorders, MJA 2005; 182:484-9.
33. Guilleminault C, Palombini L, Pelayo R, Chervin RD. Sleepwalking and Sleep Terrors in Prepubertal Children: What Triggers Them? Pediatrics 2003; 111;17-25.
34. Jordan LC. Development and behavior. In: Gunn VL, Nechyba C eds. The Harriet Lane Handbook, Philadelphia: Mosby, 2002:189-211.
35. Stores G. Recognition and management of narcolepsy, Arch Dis Child 1999; 81:519-24.
36. Dauvilliers Y, Blouin JL, Neidhard E, Carlander B, Eliaou JF, Antonarakis SE, et al. A narcolepsy susceptibility locus maps to a 5 Mb region of chromosome 21q, Ann Neurol 2004; 56:382-8