Çocuklarda Seçici Yeme ve Risk Faktörleri

Seçici yeme, çocukluk döneminde yaygın olarak görülen beslenme sorunlarından biridir. Çeşitli yeme davranışlarının bileşiminden oluşmakta olup, hem alışılmış, hem de yeni besinlerin reddedilmesi, güçlü besin tercihleri ile yetersiz miktarda veya çeşitlilikte besin tüketimi ile karakterizedir. Geçici veya hafif seçici yeme davranışları normal gelişimin bir parçası olarak görülebilmektedir. Fakat erken çocukluk döneminde görülen seçici yeme, bazı durumlarda kaçıngan / kısıtlayıcı yeme bozukluğu için öncül olabilmektedir. Seçici yeme davranışları, çocuklarda besin tüketimini, diyet kalitesini, normal büyümeyi ve gelecekteki sağlık sonuçlarını olumsuz olarak etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Erken çocukluk döneminde yaygın olarak görülen seçici yeme davranışlarının, okul yıllarında hatta yetişkinlikte de devam edebileceği ve olumsuz sağlık sonuçları göz önüne alındığında, seçici yeme için risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Seçici yeme davranışlarının çoğu, herhangi bir müdahale yapılmadan düzelebilir. Fakat hem ebeveynlerin çocuk beslenmesi ile ilgili bilgilerini geliştirmek hem de endişelerini azaltmak için beslenme eğitimi verilmelidir. Bu derlemede, mevcut çalışmalarda kullanılan değerlendirme yöntemleri, seçici yeme prevalansı, besin tüketim özellikleri, gelişimini etkileyen risk faktörleri ve seçici yemeye yaklaşım incelenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çocuk, Beslenme Sorunları, Seçici Yeme, Besin Tercihi

Picky Eating and Risk Factors in Children

Picky eating is one of the common feeding problems in childhood. It consists of a combination of various eating behaviors, characterized by the rejection of both familiar and novel foods, strong food preference, inadequate amounts or variety of food consumption. Temporary or mild picky eating behaviors can be seen as a part of normal development. However, picky eating in early childhood may in some cases be a predictor of avoidant/restrictive eating disorders. Picky eating behaviors have the potential to adversely affect food consumption in children, diet quality, normal growth and future health outcomes. It is important to determine the risk factors for picky eating when picky eating behaviors that are common in early childhood can persist in school years and even in adulthood, and negative health outcomes are taken into consideration. Most picky eating behaviors can be corrected without any intervention. However, nutrition education should be given to both parents to improve their knowledge of child nutrition and to reduce their anxiety. In this review article, assessment methods used in current studies, the prevalence of picky eating, characteristics of nutrient intake and risk factors affecting development and approach to picky eating were examined.

Keywords:

Child, Feeding Problems, Picky Eating, Food Preference,

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