Kronik Obstruktif Akciğer Hastalığı olan Hastaların Anemi, Yorgunluk ve Yalnızlık Durumları ve Aralarındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı Kronik Obstruktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) olan hastalarda anemi, yorgunluk ve yalnızlık durumlarını incelemek ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi saptamaktır.Bu çalışmatanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini tedavi gören 250 KOAH hastası oluşturmuştur. Veriler Hasta Tanıtım Formu, KOAH ve Astım Yorgunluk Ölçeği (KAYÖ) ve UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 68.21±12.34 (min:24, max: 93), %64’ü 65 yaş ve üzeri, %66’sı erkek olduğu saptanmıştır. Hastaların hemoglobin değeri ortalaması 12,47±1.93 (g/dl) (min:5,40, max:16,70) olarak bulunmuş olup, %50’sinde anemi olduğu, kadınlarda bu oranın %45,9, erkeklerde %52,1 olarak bulunmuştur. Hastaların yalnızlık puan ortalaması 36,58±11,00, ve yorgunluk puan ortalaması 81,51±16,30’dur. Hastaların %60’nın düşük düzeyde yalnız olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada 10 hastanın 8’i yorgun bulunmuştur. Hastaların yalnızlık puan ortalaması ile yorgunluk puan ortalaması arasında ilişki yok (p=0,962), hemoglobin değeri ile yorgunluk puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu (p=0,001) ve hemoglobin değeri ile yalnızlık puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı (p=0,867) ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak araştırmada KOAH hastalarının yarısının anemi olduğu, çoğunluğunun yorgun olduğu, ve yalnızlık oranının düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anemisi olan hastaların yorgunluğunun daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kronik Obstruktif Akciğer Hastalığı, Anemi, Yorgunluk, Yalnızlık

An Investigation of Anemia, Fatigue and Loneliness in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Relationship between Them

The objective of this study was to investigate anemia, fatigue and loneliness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients, and to establish the relation between them.This study was conducted this descriptive and cross-sectional type. The sample of the study consisted of 250 patients who were receiving treatment in the thoracic service. A Patient Description Form, the COPD and Asthma Fatigue Scale (CAFS), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale were used in the collection of data.The mean age of the patients was found to be 68.21±12.34 (min: 24, max: 93) years; 64% were aged 65 or over, 66% were male. The patients’ mean hemoglobin value was found to be 12.47±1.93 (g/dl) (min: 5.40, max: 16.70), and 45.9% of the female patients, 52.1% of the males and 50% overall were anemic. The patients’ mean loneliness score was 36.58±11.00, and their mean fatigue score was 81.51±16.30. It was established that 60% were lonely at a low level. Eight out of ten patients in the study were found to be fatigued. No correlation was found between patients’ mean loneliness scores and mean fatigue scores (r=0.003, p=0.962); a significant correlation was found between their hemoglobin values and their mean fatigue scores (r=0.21, p=0.001), but no significant correlation was found between their hemoglobin values and their mean loneliness scores (r=0.011, p=0.867). It was concluded that half of the COPD patients in the study were anemic, a large proportion had fatigue, and that the loneliness rate was low. It was found that patients with anemia had more fatigue.

Keywords:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Anemic, Fatigue, Loneliness,

PDF

___

World Health Organization. Chronic respiratory diseases. Available from: http://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 02.03.2018)
Guo J, Zheng C, Xiao Q, Gong S, Zhao Q, Wang L, et al. Impact of anaemia on lung function and exercise capacity in patients with stable severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMJ Open 2015;5:e008295. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008295
Türk Toraks Derneği'nin GOLD 2017 KOAH Raporuna Bakışı, Available from: http://toraks.org.tr/uploadFiles/book/file/1042017161917-tumu.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 19.04.2018)
Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017. Available from: http://goldcopd.org (Erişim tarihi: 08.03.2018)
Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu 2015 Faaliyet Raporu. Available from: http://www.saglikaktuel.com/d/file/thsk_2015_faaliyet_raporu.pdf
Pavliša G, Labor M, Puretić H, Hećimović A, Jakopović M, Samaržija M. (2017). “Anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated troponin levels as risk factors for respiratory failure in patients with severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.” Croat Med J., 58:395-405.
Silverberg DS, Mor R, Weu MT, Schwartz IF, Chernin G. (2014). “Anemia and iron deficiency in COPD patients: prevalence and the effects of correction of the anemia with erythropoiesis stimulating agents and intravenous iron.” BMC Pulm Med., 14: 1-8.
de Benoist B, Erin McLean, Egli I, Cogswell M (Eds). Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993 2005 WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva: WHO, 2008. Available from: http://www.who.int/vmnis/publications/anaemia_prevalence/en/index.html
Gadre SK, Jhand AS, Abuqayyas S, Wang X, Guzman J, Duggal A. (2017). “Effect of anemia on mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” J Intensive Care Med., Jan 1:885066617739561. doi: 10.1177/0885066617739561.
Çınar S, Olgun N. (2010). “Determining of fatigue and sleep disturbance in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.” J Nurs Sci., 2: 24-31.
Kara M, Mirici A. (2004). “Loneliness, depression, and social support of Turkish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their spouse.” J Nurs Scholarsh., 36: 331-6.
Kiliçkaya C, Asi Karakaş S. (2016). “The effect of illness perception on loneliness and coping with stress in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).” Int J of Caring Sci., 9: 481-8.
Fidan A, Tokmak M, Kıral N, Şener Cömert S, Saraç G, Salepçi B, et al. (2012). “Bir sistemik hastalık olarak KOAH ile anemi birlikteliği.” Solunum Dergisi, 14:18-26.14. Karakurt P, Ünsal A. (2013). “Fatigue, anxiety and depression levels, activities of daily living of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Int J Nurs Pract., 19: 221–31.
Yel F., Ergüney S. (2012). Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı ve Astım Yorgunluk Ölçeğinin Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığında Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Ensitütüsü İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Anabilimdalı (Yükseklisans Tezi), Erzurum.
Demir A. (1989). “Validity and reliability of UCLA loneliness scale.” Turkish Journal of Psychology 1989; 23:14–18.
Similowski T, Agustí A, Mac Nee W, Schönhofer B. (2006). “The potential impact of anaemia of chronic disease in COPD.” Eur Respir J., 27: 390-6.
Comeche Casanova L, Echave-Sustaeta JM, García Luján R, Albarrán Lozano I, Alonso González P, Llorente Alonso MJ. (2013). “Prevalence of anaemia associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Study of associated variables. Arch Bronconeumol, 49: 383–7.
Arslan S, Oztunc G. (2016). “The effects of a walking exercise program on fatigue in the person with COPD.” Rehabilitation Nursing 41: 303-12.
Şahin ZA, Dayapoğlu N. (2015). “Effect of progressive relaxation exercises on fatigue and sleep quality in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).” Complement Ther Clin Pract., 21: 277-81.
Mollaoglu M, Fertelli TK, Tuncay FO. (2011). “Fatigue and disability in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).” Arch Gerontol and Geriatr., 53: 93-8.
Inal-Ince D, Savci S, Saglam M, Calik E, Arikan H, Bosnak-Guclu M, et al. (2010). “Fatigue and multidimensional disease severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine., 5: 162-7.
Arikan H, Savci S, Calik-Kutucu E, Vardar-Yagli N, Saglam M, Inal-Ince D, et al. (2015). “The relationship between cough-specific quality of life and abdominal muscle endurance, fatigue, and depression in patients with COPD.” Int J Chron Obtruct Pulmon Dis., 10: 1829–35.
Antoniu SA, Petrescu E, Stanescu R, Anisie E and Boiculese L. (2016). “Impact of fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from an exploratory study.” Ther Adv Respir Dis., 10: 26–33.
Peters JB, Heijdra YF, Daudey L, Boer LM, Molema J. Dekhuijzen PNR, et al. (2011). “Course of normal and abnormal fatigue in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and its relationship with domains of health status.” Patient Educ and Couns., 85: 281-5.
Zakerimoghadam M, Tavasoli K, Nejad AK, Khoshkesht S. (2011). “The effect of breathing exercises on the fatigue levels of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Acta Med Indones-Indones J Intern Med, 43: 29-33.
Wong CJ, Goodridge D, Marciniuk DD, Rennie D. (2010). “Fatigue in patients with COPD participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation program.” Int J Chron Obtruct Pulmon Dis, 5: 319–26.
Eckerblad J, T€odt K, Jakobsson P, Unosson M, Skargren E, Kentsson M, et al. (2014). “Symptom burden in stable COPD patients with moderateor severe air flow limitation.” Heart Lung, 43: 351–7.
Pantilat S, O’Riordan D, DibbleS, Landefeld CS. (2012). “Longitudinal assessment of symptom severity among hospitalized elders diagnosed with cancer, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” J Hosp Med., 7: 567–72.
Aras A, Tel H. (2009). “Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı olan hastalarda algılanan sosyal destek ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi.” Turk Toraks Der., 10: 63-8.
Pirotte M, Guiot J, Beguin Y, Louis R. (2016). Anemia in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a comorbity more common than previously thought. Rev Med Liege, 71: 488-94.
Ekin S, Sertoğullarından B, Günbatar H, Yıldız H, Arısoy A, Özbay B. (2015). “Sigara ve biomas dumanına bağlı gelişen KOAH olgularında anemi sıklığı.” Tıp Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13: 123-7.
Alvarez-Gutierrez FJ, Miravitlles M, Calle M, Gobartt E, Lo´ pez F, Martin A, Grupo de Estudio EIME. (2007). “Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on activities of daily living: result of the multicenter EIME multicenter study.” Arch. Bronchoneumol, 43: 64–72.
Bilgili N. (2012). “Yaşlılarda yalnızlık, uyku kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi.” Tur Geriatri Derg 15: 82-90.
Christensen VL, Holm AM, Kongerud J, Bentsen SB, Paul SM, Miaskowski C, et al. (2016). “Occurrence, characteristics, and predictors of pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Pain Manag Nurs 17:107-18.