Biyokütlenin heterojen katalizör varlığında katalitik hidrotermal sıvılaştırma yöntemi ile sıvılaştırılması ve elde edilen ürünlerin karakterizasyonu

Biyokütle ısıl, biyolojik ve fiziksel birçok yöntemle daha değerli enerji formlarına dönüştürülebilmektedir. Biyokütlenin doğrudan yakılması sonucu enerji elde edilebildiği gibi çeşitli termokimyasal dönüşüm yöntemleri (Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma, piroliz ve gazlaştırma) ile biyokütleden katı, sıvı ve gaz yakıtlar elde edilebilmektedir. Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma biyokütlenin yüksek enerji içeriğine sahip sıvı ürünlere dönüştürülmesinde kullanılan termokimyasal proseslerden biridir. Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma işleminde çeşitli katalizörler (homojen ve heterojen) kullanılabilmektedir. Heterojen katalizörlerin, geri kazanım ve düşük oksijen içeriğine sahip sıvı ürünlerin elde edilmesi gibi çeşitli avantajlara sahip olduğu ilgili literatürde ifade edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Meyan) bitkisi sapı, Al ve Fe metal tozları katalizörleri varlığında ilk kez sıvılaştırılmıştır. Denemelerde 300, 325 ve 350 °C sıcaklıklar ile 30 dakika bekleme süresi parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Ürünlerin karakterizasyonu için GC–MS ve elementel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Hafif biyo-yağ ve ağır biyo-yağ için optimum sıcaklık 325 °C ve en yüksek enerji değeri Fe katalizörü varlığında 32.01 Mj/kg olarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre Glycyrrhiza glabra L. bitkisinin sıvılaştırılmasında heterojen katalizörlerin etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyokütle, Biyo-yakıt, Enerji, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma

Liquefaction of biomass by catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst and characterization of the obtained products

Biomass can be converted into more valuable forms of energy by many thermal, biological and physical methods. While energy can be obtained by direct combustion of biomass, solid, liquid and gaseous fuels can be obtained from biomass by various thermochemical conversion methods (Hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis and gasification). Hydrothermal liquefaction is one of the thermochemical processes used to convert biomass into liquid products with high energy content. Various catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous) can be used in the hydrothermal liquefaction process. It has been stated in the relevant literature that heterogeneous catalysts have various advantages such as recovery and obtaining liquid products with low oxygen content. In this study, the stem of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Liquorice) plant is liquefied for the first time in the presence of Al and Fe metal powders catalyst. In the trials, 300, 325 and 350 °C temperature and 30 minutes waiting time parameters are determined. GC–MS and elemental analysis methods are used for the characterization of the products. For light bio-oil and heavy bio-oil, the optimum temperature was 325°C and the highest energy value was 32.01 Mj/kg in the presence of Fe catalyst. Heterogeneous catalyst is found to be effective in the liquefaction of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. plant.

Keywords:

Biomass, Bio-fuel, Energy, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Hydrothermal liquefaction,

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