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Isı ve elektrik enerjisi üretimi için doğal gaza yeşil bir çözüm: Güneş enerjisi uygulamalarıyla bir örnek olay incelemesi

Enerji, ekonomik, endüstriyel ve toplumsal kalkınma için hayati öneme sahiptir. Enerji tüketimindeki artış istikrarlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Sera gazı emisyonlarına, hava, su ve toprak kirliliğine neden olan fosil kökenli yakıtların yerini sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları almaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının temelini oluşturan güneş enerjisi, hem elektrik enerjisi üretiminde hem de termal enerji üretiminde kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada güneş enerjisi uygulamaları ile Ankara ili iklim şartlarında, iki kişilik bir evin elektrik ve ısınma ihtiyacının karşılanması incelenmiş, çevresel analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada fotovoltaik paneller, vakum tüplü U-borulu güneş kolektörü ve fotovoltaik termal panellerin ayrı ayrı ve birlikte kullanımı ile elde edilecek enerji miktarı hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca fotovoltaik termal panellerde çalışma akışkanı olarak su ile birlikte Al2O3+CuO hibrit nanoakışkanı da kullanılarak, nanoakışkan kullanımının termal enerji transferine etkisi de araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, sadece fotovoltaik panel kullanımı ile enerji ihtiyacının karşılanması için 11 adet 325 W gücünde panele, sadece fotovoltaik termal panel kullanımı ile karşılanması durumunda ise 7 adet 300 W elektrik, 600 W termal güce sahip panel gerektirdiği hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca fotovoltaik termal sistemde Al2O3-CuO hibrit nanoakışkanının saf su yerine kullanılması ile verimde %19.41 oranında artış sağladığı görülmüştür. Enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak için güneş enerjisi kullanımının dünyada artan doğal gaz sorununa hem yerli enerji kaynağı kullanılarak ekonomiye hem de sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltarak çevresel çözüm olacağı önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Doğal gaz, Güneş enerjisi, PV, PV/T, Vakum tüplü U borulu güneş kolektörü, Yenilenebilir enerji

A green solution to natural gas for heat and electric power generation: A case study with solar energy applications

Energy is crucial for economic, industrial, and social development. The increase in energy consumption is steadily rising. Fossil fuels, which cause greenhouse gas emissions, air, water, and soil pollution, are being replaced by sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Solar energy, which is the basis of renewable energy sources, can be used in both electricity and thermal energy production. In this study, the use of solar energy applications for meeting the electricity and heating needs of a two-person household under Ankara's climate conditions was examined, and an environmental analysis was conducted. The amount of energy that will be obtained by using photovoltaic panels, vacuum tube U-pipe solar collectors, and photovoltaic thermal panels separately and together was calculated. In addition, the effect of using Al2O3+CuO hybrid nanofluid in photovoltaic thermal panels as a working fluid on thermal energy transfer was investigated. As a result of the study, it was calculated that 11 panels with a power of 325 W would be required for meeting the energy demand with only photovoltaic panel use, and 7 panels with 300 W electricity and 600 W thermal power would be required for meeting the energy demand with only photovoltaic thermal panel use. Moreover, it was observed that using Al2O3-CuO hybrid nanofluid in photovoltaic thermal systems instead of pure water increased efficiency by 19.41%. It is recommended that the use of solar energy to meet energy needs will be both an economic solution by using a domestic energy source and an environmental solution by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, addressing the increasing natural gas problem in the world.

Keywords:

Natural gas, Solar energy, PV, PV/T, Vacuum tube U-pipe solar collector, Renewable energy,

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