VURGULU ELEKTRİK ALAN ÖN İŞLEMİ İLE DEREOTUNDAN FENOLİKLERİN EKSTRAKSİYONU: DONDURUP ÇÖZÜNDÜRME, ISIL İŞLEM, MİKRODALGA ÖN İŞLEMLERİ VE SOLVENT EKSTRAKSİYONU İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Bu çalışmada 3-4 kV/cm aralığındaki vurgulu elektrik alan uygulamasının dereotu dokusunu bozma düzeyleri elektriksel iletkenlik bazlı bir parçalanma indeksi ile tahmin edilip, en yüksek bozunumu sağlayan şartlarda fenoliklerin ekstrakte edilebilirliği katı-sıvı ekstraksiyon sisteminde incelenmiştir. Ekstraksiyon sonunda, toplam fenolik içerik (TFİ), antioksidan kapasite (AK) ve antiradikal aktivite (AA) değerleri ölçülüp, diğer ön işlemlerinki (dondurma-çözme, mikrodalga, solvent işlemi ve ısıl işlem) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. En yüksek indeks (61.43 ± 5.17) 4 kV/cm’de 99x10µs lik uygulama şartlarında gözlenmiş olup, buda dereotunun parçalanma direncinin çalışmada kıyaslanan parankim dokularından ve yenilebilir yapraklardan yüksek olduğuna işaret etmiştir. Vurgulu elektrik alan destekli ekstraksiyonun TFİ ve AK değerleri dondurup-çözündürme ön işleminden yaklaşık %35 oranında düşük bulunurken, ısıl işlem içeren (mikrodalga, solvent işlemi ve ısıl işlem) yöntemlerden ortalamada %68 oranında düşük tespit edilmiştir. Vurgulu elektrik alan önişleminde ekstraksiyon veriminin, doku parçalanma düzeyinden ve fenoliklerin polifenol oksidaz (PPO) tarafından bozulmasından etkilendiği şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

vurgulu elektrik alan, fenolik bileşikler, katı-sıvı ekstraksiyon, dereotu

EXTRACTION OF PHENOLICS FROM DILL LEAF WITH PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD PRETREATMENT: COMPARISON WITH FREEZE THAW, HEAT TREATMENT, MICROWAVE PRETREATMENTS AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION

In this study, disintegration of dill leaf in response to pulsed electric field pretreatment of 3-4 kV/cm was estimated using an electrical conductivity based-index, and extractability of phenolics at the highest index was studied in a solid-liquid extraction. Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and antiradical activity (AA) of the extraction were compared with other pretreatments (freeze-thaw, microwave, heat and solvent extraction). The highest index (61.43 ± 5.17) was obtained at 99x10µs of 4 kV/cm, implying a higher disintegration resistance than the parenchyma tissues and edible leaves compared in the study. TPC and AC of the extraction were found around 35 % less than those of the freeze-thaw while about 68 % lower than the microwave, heat treatment and solvent extraction. The yield of pulsed electric field extraction has been interpreted as affected by the degree of disintegration and degradation of phenolics by polyphenol oxidase (PPO).

Keywords:

Pulsed electric field, phenolic compounds, solid-liquid extraction, dill,

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