Nuri YAVAN, Mehmet CANSIZ, Neval KARANFİL

Yaratıcı Sınıfın Girişimcilik Potansiyeli: Demografi, Beşerî Sermaye ve Mekân

Florida'nın yaratıcı sınıf yaklaşımının kentsel ve bölgesel kalkınma alanındaki geçerliliğini çeşitli ülkelerde analiz eden birçok araştırma bulunmasına rağmen, teorinin girişimcilik boyutunu Türkiye bağlamında inceleyen herhangi bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma bilgiye dayalı ekonomiye geçiş sürecindeki Türkiye’nin sanayi ve teknoloji bölgelerinde Ar-Ge personeli olarak çalışan yaratıcı sınıfın girişimcilik algısını ve potansiyelini analiz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışma yaratıcı sınıfın girişimcilik eğilimi olarak demografik özelliklerine, beşerî sermaye niteliklerine ve mekân boyutuna odaklanmaktadır. Karma araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, veriler Türkiye’nin 14 büyük ilinde faaliyet gösteren 1352 Ar-Ge çalışanı ile anket, bunların içinden 255 Ar-Ge çalışanı ile de eş zamanlı mülakat yapılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS programıyla nitel veriler de MAXQDA yazılımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları Ar-Ge çalışanı yaratıcı sınıfın girişimciliği ağırlıklı olarak kişilik özellikler ve bireysel çaba üzerinden tanımladığını, bu doğrultuda girişimcilik algısının ve girişimcilik deneyimlerinin kendilerini gelecekte girişimci olabilecek yeterlilikte görüp görmedikleri üzerinde etkili olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Geçmişte girişimcilik deneyimi bulunan ve devlet desteğinden faydalanan katılımcıların gelecekte girişimci olmaya olumlu yaklaştıkları söylenebilir. Ayrıca yaratıcı sınıfın çalıştıkları iş bölgeleri ile yaşadıkları kentlerin sahip olduğu olanakların girişimcilik üzerinde etkili olduğu ve söz konusu mekânların Ar-Ge çalışanlarının girişimcilik potansiyelini desteklediği görülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Ar-Ge çalışanlarının sahip oldukları deneyim, olanaklar, beşerî sermaye ve kişilik özellikleri doğrultusunda, gelecekte girişimci olma potansiyeli çok yüksek bir yaratıcı sınıf olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgu, Türkiye girişimcilik ekosistemi için büyük potansiyel teşkil eden Ar-Ge çalışanlarının girişimciliğinin kamu politika ve uygulamaları tarafından öncelikle teşvik edilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaratıcı sınıf, Girişimcilik potansiyeli, Ar-Ge çalışanları, Ekonomik coğrafya, Türkiye

The Entrepreneurial Potential of the Creative Class: Demography, Human Capital and Space

Despite numerous studies examining the validity of Florida's creative class approach in the field of urban and regional development, no research on the entrepreneurial part of this theory has been conducted in Turkey. In this context, this study analyzes the entrepreneurial potential of the creative class working as R&D employees in technoparks and industrial park in Turkey. The study focuses on the creative class's demographic characteristics, human capital capabilities, and spatial featues as entrepreneurial tendencies. Using a mixed research method, a survey was conducted with 1352 R&D employees operating in 14 major provinces of Turkey and 255 R&D employees were interviewed simultaneously. The data obtained were analyzed using MAXQDA and SPSS software. The findings show that R&D employees define entrepreneurship primarily in terms of personal traits and effort; their perception of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial experience influence whether they regard themselves as capable of becoming entrepreneurs in the future. Participants who have prior entrepreneurial experience and receive government support have a more optimistic attitude toward becoming an entrepreneur in the future. Additionally, it is evident that the characteristics of the cities and business regions where the creative class lives and works have an impact on entrepreneurship and that these locations enhance the entrepreneurial potential of R&D professionals. Based on R&D employees' experience, opportunity, human capital, and personality traits, the final results reveal that there is a creative class with a very high potential to be entrepreneurs in the future. This conclusion indicates that R&D employee entrepreneurship, which has a high potential for the Turkish entrepreneurship ecosystem, should be promoted primarily through public policies and practices.

Keywords:

Creative class, Entrepreneurial potential, R&D employees, Economic geography, Turkey,

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