Fatma SAÇLI UZUNÖZ, Yunus ARSLAN, İrem KÜBRA DEMİREZEN

İlkokul ve Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Etkinliğe Katılım Nedenlerinin Belirlenmesi: Nevşehir Örneği

Araştırmanın amacı, Nevşehir il merkezinde öğrenim gören ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencilerinin fiziksel etkinliğe katılım nedenlerini belirlemek, katılım nedenlerini cinsiyet ve okul düzeyine göre karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmaya 329 gönüllü öğrenci katılmıştır (nerkek= 165, nkız= 164, %52'si ilkokul, %48'i ortaokul). Veri toplama aracı olarak "Spora Katılım Güdüsü Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistik ve bağımsız gruplarda t-testi yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, öğrencilerin fiziksel etkinliğe katılmalarındaki en önemli temel nedenler sırasıyla "takım üyeliği/ruhu" (1.23±.41), "beceri gelişimi", (1.23±.49), "arkadaşlık" (1.24±.40), "yarışma" (1.26±.47) ve "eğlence" (1.28±.39)'dir. Öğrencilerin fiziksel etkinliğe katılım nedenleri cinsiyete göre farklılık göstermekte, "başarı/statü", "yarışma" ve "eğlence" faktörleri erkek öğrenciler açısından daha önemli görülmektedir (p

Determination of The Reasons Why Students in Primary and Elementary Schools Participate in Physical Activity: A Sample of Nevşehir

The purpose of this study was to examine the reasons why students at primary and elementary schools participate in physical activity in the city of Nevsehir and to compare participation reasons with respect to gender and the school level. The participants were 329 voluntary students (52% from primary, 48% from elementary school). Data were gathered by "Participation Motivation Questionnaire-PMQ". Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test were used for data analysis. The results showed that the most important reasons for physical activity participation were "team membership/spirit" (1.23±.41), "skill development" (1.23±.49), "friendship" (1.24±.40), "competition" (1.26±.47) and "fun" (1.28±.39) respectively. There were significant differences with respect to gender in "success/status", "competition" and "fun" in favor of male students (p

PDF

___

Altıntaş, A, Koruç Bayar, P. (2014). Determining participation motivation of young athletes with regard to gender and sport type. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, SI (1), 61-67. Doi: 10.14486/IJSCS73
Arslan, Y., Altay, F. (2008). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin beden eğitimi ders programı ve ders uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşleri. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 63-79.
Arslan, Y., Altay, F. (2009) İlköğretim okul takımlarındaki erkek öğrencilerin spora katılım güdülerinin incelenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 59-66.
Bakker, F.C., Whiting, H.T., Van Der Brug, H. (1990). Sport Psychology: Concepts and Applications. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of personality. Handbook of Personality (2th Ed.). New York: Guilford.
Bar-Or, O. (1994). Childhood and adolescent physical activity and fitness and adult risk profile. Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health: International Proceedings and Consensus Statement (Ed. Bouchard C, Shephard RJ, Stephens T,)'da, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic Publishers.
Barroso, C.S., McCullum-Gomez, C., Hoelscher, D.M., Kelder, S.H., Murray, N.C. (2005). Self-Reported Barriers to Quality Physical Education by Physical Education Specialists in Texas. J Sch Health; 75(8), 313-319.
Bouchard, C. (1997). Biological aspects of the active living concept. Physical Activity in Human Experience: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. (Ed. Curtis, J.E., Russell, S.J.)'de, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic Publishers.
Castelli, D.M., Hillman, C.H., Buck, S.M., Erwin, H.E. (2007). Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement in Third- and Fifth-Grade Students. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 239-252.
Cecchini, J.A., Mendez, A., Muniz, J. (2002). Motives for practicing sport in Spanish schoolchildren. Psicothema, 14 (3), 523-531.
Daley, A.J., Ryan, J. (2000). Academic performance and participation in physical activity bysecondary school adolescents. Percept Mot Skills. 91, 531-534.
Dexter, T. (1999). Relationship between sport knowledge, sport performance and academic ability: empirical evidence from GCSE Physical Education. General Certificate of Secondary Education. J Sport Sci. 17, 283-295.
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü [World Health Organization] (2010). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health: Childhood overweight and obesity. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/en/ adresinden 9 Şubat 2011 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Ekmekçi. R., Arslan. Y., Dağlı Ekmekçi. A., Ağbuğa. B. (2010). Üniversite öğrencilerinin spora bakış açılarının ve spora katılım güdülerinin belirlenmesi. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Sports Sciences, 2B0043, 5(2) 104-114.
Field, T., Diego, M., (2001). Sanders C.E. Exercise is positively related to adolescents' relationships and academics. Adolescence. 36 (141), 106-110.
Freedman, D.S., Mei, Z., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., & Dieta, W.H. (2007). Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: The Bogalusa heart study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150, 12-17.
Gill, D. L., Gross, J. B., & Huddleston, S. (1983). Participation motivation in youth sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 14, 1-14.
Green K, Smith A, Roberts K. (2005). Young people and lifelong partici-pation in sport and physical activity: a sociological perspective on contemporary physical education programmes in England and Wales. Leisure Studies, 24 (1), 27-43.
Hausenblas, H.A., Brewer, B.W., and Van Raalte, J.L., (2004). Self-presentation and exercise. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16 (3), 1-12.
İkizler C.H. (2000). Sporda Sosyal Bilimler. Bursa: Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
Kazak Z. (2004). "Sporda Güdülenme Ölçeği (SGÖ)'nin Türk Sporcuları İçin Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması", Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15 (4), 191-206.
Kilpatrick, M., Hebert E., Bartholomew J. (2005) College Students' Motivation for Physical Activity: Differentiating Men's and Women's Motives for Sport Participation and Exercise, Journal of American College Health, 54 (2), 87-94, DOI: 10.3200/JACH.54.2.87-94
Klint, K., Weiss, M. (1987).Perceived competence and motives for participating in youth sports: A test of Harter's competence motivation theory. J Sport Psychol, 9, 55-65.
Koivula N. (1999). Sport Participation: Differences in motivation actual participation due to gender typing. J Sport Behav. 22 (3), 360- 80.
Lau, P.W.C., Yu, C.W., Lee, A., So, R.C.H., Sung, R.Y.T. (2004). The Relationship Among Physical Fitness, Physical Education, Conduct and Academic Performance of Chinese Primary School Children. Int J Phys Educ, 4 (1), 17-26.
Malina, R. M. (1996). Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan. Research Quarterly Exercise and Sport, 67(S3), 48-57.
MEB (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı) (2000). Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Ders İçi ve Ders Dışı Çalışmalar Rehberi. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
Mota, J., and Esculcas, C., (2002). "Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behavior: Structured and Unstructured Choices According to Sex, Age, and Level of Physical Activity". International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 9 (2), 111-122,
Oh, S.Y., Kim, W.K., Jang, Y.A., Won, H.S., Lee, H.S., Kim, S.H. (2003). Academic performance of Korean children is associated with dietary behaviours and physical status. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 12 (2),186-192.
Oja, L., Jurimae, T. (2002). Physical activity, motor ability, and school readiness of 6-year-old children. Perceptual Motor Skills. 95(2), 407-415.
Onaran, O. (1981). Çalışma Yaşamında Güdülenme Kuramları. Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.
Oyar, Z.B., Asci, F.H., Celebi, M,. & Mulazimoglu, Ö. (2001). Spora katılım güdüsü ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12 (2), 21-32.
Penney, D., Jess, M. (2004). Physical Education and Physically Active Lives: A Lifelong Approach to Curriculum Development. Sport, Education and Society, 9 (2), 269-287.
Rickel, K., Park, R.S., & Morales, J. (2012). Multiple groups confirmatory factor analysis of the motivational factors influencing individuals' decisions about participating in intramural sports. Sport Management International Journal, 8 (2), 69-79.
Sallis JF, Prochasca JJ, Taylor WC. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine Science in Sport and Exercise. 32 (5), 963-975.
Şimşek, Y.K. (2010). Türk ekstrem sporcularının spora katılım güdüleri üzerine nitel bir araştırma, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 107-118.
Şirin, E.F., Çağlayan, H.S., Çetin M.Ç., İnce, A. (2008). Spor yapan lise öğrencilerinin spora katılım motivasyonlarına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 98-110.
Sit, C., & Lindner, K. (2007). Achievement goal profiles, perceived ability and participation motivation for sport and physical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 38(3), 283-303.
Sit, C.H., Lindner, K.J., (2006). Situational state balances and participation motivation in youth sport: A reversal theory perspective. Br J Educ Psychol, 76, 369-84.
Taras, H. (2005). Physical Activity and Student Performance at School. J Sch Health, 75(6), 214-218.
Tutko, T.A, Richards, W.R. (1977). Psychology of Coaching. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc.
Wallhead, T.L., Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Effects of a sport education intervention on students' motivation responses in physical education. J Teach Phys Educ; 23(1), 5-11.
Yan, J.H., McCullagh, P. (2004). Cultural influence in youth's motivation on physical activity. J Sport Behav. 27(4), 378-390.
Zahariadis, N.P. & Biddle, S.J.H. (2000).Goal orientations and participation motives in physical education and sport: Their relationship in English schoolchildren. Athletic Insight the Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 2 (1), 1-12.