Malzeme Yönetiminde Malzeme İhtiyaç Planlaması ve Kanban Sistemlerinin Bütünleştirilmesinde Farklı Yaklaşımlar: Literatür Araştırması

İşletmelerde malzeme yönetiminde malzeme ihtiyaç planlaması (Materials Requirements Planning-MRP) ve Kanban olmak üzere iki temel sistem vardır. Malzeme ihtiyaç planlaması, nihai ürün talebine göre üretim için gerekli olan malzeme miktarlarının belirlendiği bir sistem, Kanban ise Tam Zamanında Üretim (Just in Time-JIT) felsefesinin stok kontrol aracı olan ve üretim sürecinde sondan başa doğru çalışarak malzeme yönetimi sağlayan bir sistemdir. Bu sistemlerin önemli avantajlarının olmasına rağmen her bir sistemin kendine özgü dezavantajları da vardır. Bu sistemleri uygulamaya geçirmede işletmelerin zaman zaman başarısızlıkla karşılaşmalarının başlıca nedeni, bu sistemleri birbirinden bağımsız olarak ele almaları ve birbirlerinin tamamlayıcı yönlerini gözardı etmeleridir.1940’lı yıllarda Kanban sisteminin, 1960’lı yıllarda malzeme ihtiyaç planlaması sisteminin ortaya çıkmasından bu yana literatürde bu sistemlerin işleyişi üzerine birçok araştırma ve çalışmalar yapılmıştır. 1990’lı yıllara gelindiğinde bu sistemlerin bütünleştirilerek daha verimli imalat sistemlerinin oluşturulabileceği fark edilerek günümüze kadar MRP ve Kanban sistemlerinin bütünleştirilmesi üzerine hem kavramsal hem de analitik birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu makale çalışmasının temel amacı, malzeme yönetimin temel iki aracı olan bu iki sistemin bütünleştirilmesine yönelik literatür çalışmalarının incelenmesidir.

Different Approaches on Material Requirements Planning and Kanban Integration in Material Management: Literature Review

There are two basic systems in material management of the enterprises as Materials Requirements Planning and Kanban. Materials Requirements Planning is a system in which quantity of materials needed for production is assessed according to the final product demand; where as Kanban is the stock controlling instrument of the Just in Time-JIT philosophy and the system providing material management during the production process by operating from the end to the start. Despite having significant advantages, each of these sytems also have peculiar disadvantages. The main reason why enterprises fail to put these sytems into practice from time to time is that they deal with the systems separately and they do not take into consideration that they are complementary to one another. Many studies have been done after Kanban System in 1940s and Materials Requirements Planning in 1960s. In 90s, it was clearly understood that much more efficient production systems could be formed by integrating the two systems; both conceptual and analytical studies on integrating MRP and Kanban systems has been done from the past to the present. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the literature studies about the integration of the two sytems which are the main tools of material management.

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