DİL CANLI BİR VARLIK MIDIR?

Dilin tanımlanması bilimsel bir sorundur. Tüm bilim insanlarını ikna eden bir dil tanımı yoktur. Son iki yüzyıl içinde çeşitli dilbilim teorileri dili tanımlamak ve betimlemek üzere pek çok girişimde bulunmuştur. Ancak bu teoriler çeşitli ilerlemelere imza atsa da dili tümüyle tanımlamakta ve özelliklerini betimlemekte yeterli değildir. Dilin biyolojik bir olgu veya bir organ olduğu da önemli iddialardan biridir. Bu yazıda “Dil canlı bir varlıktır” yargısı üzerinden bu görüşler tartışılmaktadır. Dilin biyolojik bir olgu olduğu, August Schleicher’dan bu yana dile getirilmektedir. İnsan biyolojisinin dili ortaya çıkaran farklılıkları vardır. Dil insanın soyutlama kapasitelerinin kesiştiği bir merkez gibidir. Bu nedenle dilin canlı bir varlık olduğu yargısı tek başına dili anlamamızda yeterli değildir. Dili bütünüyle doğru anlamak için bu farklı bilim dallarından gelecek bilgilerin sentezine gerek duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dilin tanımı, biyo-dilbilim, A. Schleischer

Is Language a Living Thing?

Defining language is a scientific problem. There is no one definition of language that convinces all scientists. Various linguistic theories have tried to define and describe language over the past two centuries. However, although these theories provide some important progress, they are not sufficient to fully define language and describe its features. It is also one of the important claims that language is a biological phenomenon or an organ. In this article, these views are discussed through the judgment "Language is a living thing". The fact that language is a biological phenomenon has been expressed since August Schleicher. Human biology has differences that create language. Language is like a center where human abstraction capacities intersect. For this reason, the judgment that language is a living thing is not sufficient for us. To fully grasp human language, a synthesis of information from these different branches of science is required.

Keywords:

Biolinguistics, A. Schleischer,

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