İbrahim Koral ÖNAL,
Tarkan KARAKAN,
Ali KARATAŞ,
Mehmet CİNDORUK,
Şükrü DUMLU,
İbrahim DOĞAN,
Mehmet İBİŞ,
Mehmet ARHAN,
Zeynep Gök SARGIN,
Osman SÜTÇÜOĞLU,
Naser Alizadeh HAGHİGHİ,
Selma DEMİRBAŞ YÜCELDİ,
Seren ÖZENİRLER
1812
Otoimmün Hepatit Hastalarında Tek Merkez Tedavi Deneyimi
Amaç: Bu çalışmada otoimmun hepatit (OİH) tedavi rejimlerinin etkinliğinindeğerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.Yöntem: OİH tanısı ile takip edilen hastaların klinik, demografik verileri,aldıkları tedaviler ve tedavi yanıtları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 66 hastanın 61’i (%92.4) birinci basamaktedavi rejimi olarak kortikosteroid ve azatiopürin (AZA) kombinasyonualmaktaydı ve 45 hastada (%73.8) tam yanıt gözlendi. Kombinasyon tedavisialan 21 hastada (%34); tedavi yanıtsızlığı (16 hasta) ve yan etkiler (5 hasta)nedeniyle tedavi değişikliğine gidilmiş ve 10 hastada (%16) ikinci basamakrejim olarak mikofenolat mofetil (MMF) tedavisine geçilmiştir. MMF başlananhastaların 8’inde (%80) tam yanıt, 1’inde (%10) inkomplet yanıt saptanmış, 2hastada (%20) lökopeni görülmüş ancak tedaviyi kesmeyi gerektirmemiştir.Sonuç: OİH tedavisinde konvansiyonel tedavi olan AZA + kortikosteroidkombinasyonu ile hastaların yaklaşık dörtte birinde tam yanıtalınamamaktadır. Alternatif tedaviler sınırlı olmakla birlikte MMF bu konudaumut vaat edici görünmektedir.
A Single Center Treatment Experience in Autoimmune Hepatitis Patients
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic regimens in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Methods: Clinical and demographical data of AIH patients including the therapeutic regimens given and the response to treatment were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Sixty-one out of 66 patients (92.4%) were treated with a combination of azathiopurine (AZA) and corticosteroids; 45 patients (73.8%) had a complete response. In 21 patients (34%) on combination therapy the treatment was modified due to nonresponse (16 patients) or side effects (5 patients) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was initiated in 10 patients (16%) as a second line therapy. In MMF group; 8 patients (80%) had complete, 1 patient (10%) had incomplete response and 2 patients had leucopenia but no cessation of treatment. Conclusion: Complete response can not be obtained in approximately one fourth of patients with AZA and corticosteroid combination. Alternative treatments are limited but MMF seems to be promising in this regard.
___
- Krawitt EL. Autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 54-66.
- Czaja AJ. Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Current
Status and Future Directions. Gut Liver 2016; 10: 177-203.
- European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice
Guidelines: Autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2015; 63: 971-1004.
- Gatselis NK, Zachou K, Koukoulis GK, Dalekos GN. Autoimmune
hepatitis, one disease with many faces: etiopathogenetic, clinicolaboratory
and histological characteristics. World J Gastroenterol 2015;
21: 60–83.
- Vergani D, Alvarez F, Bianchi FB, Cançado EL, Mackay IR, Manns MP, et
al. Liver autoimmune serology: a consensus statement from the
committee for autoimmune serology of the International Autoimmune
Hepatitis Group. J Hepatol 2004; 41: 677–83.
- Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, et
al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria
for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999;31:929–38.
- Hennes EM, Zeniya M, Czaja AJ, Parés A, Dalekos GN, Krawitt EL, et al.
Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis.
Hepatology 2008;48:169–76.
- Kanzler S, Löhr H, Gerken G, Galle PR, Lohse AW. Long-term
management and prognosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH): a single
center experience . Z Gastroenterol 2001; 39: 339 – 41 .
- Hoeroldt B, McFarlane E, Dube A, Basumani P, Karajeh M, Campbell MJ,
et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with autoimmune hepatitis
managed at a nontransplant center. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 1980
– 9.
- Werner M, Wallerstedt S, Lindgren S, Almer S, Björnsson E, Bergquist A,
et al. Characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with
autoimmune hepatitis related to the initial treatment response. Scand
J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 457 – 67.
- Zachou K, Muratori P, Koukoulis GK, Granito A, Gatselis N, Fabbri A, et
al. Review article: autoimmune hepatitis – current management and
challenges. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38: 887–913.
- Manns MP, Czaja AJ, Gorham JD, Krawitt EL, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D,
et al. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology
2010; 51: 2193–213.
- Sharzehi K, Huang MA, Schreibman IR, Brown KA. Mycophenolate
mofetil for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in patients
refractory or intolerant to conventional therapy. Can J Gastroenterol
2010;24:588–92.
- Fernandes NF, Redeker AG, Vierling JM, Villamil FG, Fong TL.
Cyclosporine therapy in patients with steroid resistant autoimmune
hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:241–8.
- Tannous MM, Cheng J, Muniyappa K, Farooq I, Bharara A, Kappus M, et
al. Use of tacrolimus in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis:a single
centre experience. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:405–7.
- Reich DJ, Fiel I, Guarrera JV, Emre S, Guy SR, Schwartz ME, et al. Liver
transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2000;32:693-
700.
- Peng M, Li Y, Zhang M, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Tian Y, et al. Clinical features in
different age groups of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Exp Ther
Med. 2014; 7:145-8.
- Abe M, Mashiba T, Zeniya M, Yamamoto K, Onji M, Tsubouchi H, et al.
Present status of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan: a nationwide survey.
J Gastroenterol 2011;46:1136–41.
- Takahashi H, Zeniya M. Acute presentation of autoimmune hepatitis:
Does it exist? A published work review. Hepatol Res 2011;41:498–504.
- Miyake Y, Iwasaki Y, Terada R, Onishi T, Okamoto R, Sakai N, et al.
Clinical characteristics of fulminant-type autoimmune hepatitis: an
analysis of eleven cases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:1347–53.
- Karkhanis J, Verna EC, Chang MS, Stravitz RT, Schilsky M, Lee WM, et al.
Steroid use in acute liver failure. Hepatology 2014;59:612–21.
- Montano-Loza AJ, Carpenter HA, Czaja AJ. Features associated with
treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value
of the model of end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 2007;46:1138-45.
- Czaja Aj. Rapidity of treatment response and outcome in type 1
autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2009; 51:161-7
- Czaja AJ. Safety issues in the management of autoimmune hepatitis.
Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008;7:319-33.
- Czaja AJ. Features and consequences of untreated type 1 autoimmune
hepatitis. Liver Int 2009;29:816-23.
- Czaja AJ, Menon KV, Carpenter HA. Sustained remission after
corticosteroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective
analysis. Hepatology 2002;35:890–7.
- Yeoman AD, Westbrook RH, Zen Y, Maninchedda P, Portmann BC,
Devlin J, et al. Early predictors of corticosteroid treatment failure in
icteric presentations of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology
2011;53:926–34.
- Zachou K, Gatselis NK, Arvaniti P, Gabeta S, Rigopoulou EI, Koukoulis GK,
et al. A real-world study focused on the long-term efficacy of
mycophenolate mofetil as first-line treatment of autoimmune hepatitis.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 43:1035-47.
- Czaja AJ. Drug choices in autoimmune hepatitis. Part A: steroids.Expert
Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;6:603-15.
- Heneghan MA, Allan ML, Bornstein JD, Muir AJ, Tendler DA. Utility of
thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping, and
measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the management of
patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2006;45:584-91.
- Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency and
azathioprine intolerance in autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci
2006;51:968-75.
- Czaja AJ. Current and prospective pharmacotherapy for autoimmune
hepatitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014;15:1715-36.
- Czaja AJ. Autoimmune hepatitis: focusing on treatments otherthan
steroids. Can J Gastroenterol 2012;26:615-20.
- Manns MP, Woynarowski M, Kreisel W, Lurie Y, Rust C, Zuckerman E, et
al. Budesonide induces remission more effectively than prednisone in a
controlled trial of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
Gastroenterology 2010;139:1198–206.