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In this study, the effect of substance abuse disorder on self-esteem and loneliness inprisoners, the relationship between the self-esteem and loneliness levels of the prisonersand the demographic variables that are thought to affect on self-esteem and lonelinesswere examined. Study sample included 161 prisoners in Samsun Vezirköprü M TypeClosed Prison, in the age range of 20-67. 71 of whom had substance use disorder and 90of whom had no substance use disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statitical Manualof Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. The socio-demographic form, theUCLA Loneliness Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were applied in study. Thesignificant correlation coefficient was found between self-esteem and sentence duration,between loneliness and the time spent in criminal execution institution, and betweenself-esteem and loneliness as a result of the correlation analysis. Self-esteem levels werefound lower and loneliness levels were found higher in participants with SUD comparewith participant who haven’t use subtance. Levels of loneliness were higher in prisonerswho lived alone prior to imprisonment compared to those who did not live alone. Lonelinesslevels of the prisoners who had higher communication frequency with their familyand friends were lower and self-esteem levels were higher compared to those who hadlower communication frequency with family and friends.