BESİN KARSİNOJENLERİNİN DETOKSİFİKASYONUNDA ALTERNATİF YÖNTEM: PROBİYOTİKLER

Besin hazırlama ve pişirmede kullanılan geleneksel ısıl işlemler (örneğin kızartma, fırınlama) besinin güvenilirliğini ve tüketilebilirliğini artırmak için yapılan uygulamalardır. Bununla birlikte, bu ısıl işlemler protein denatürasyonu, karbonhidratların çözünürlüğünde değişiklikler, vitamin bozunması ve yağ oksidasyonu yoluyla son ürünün kalitesinde bozulmaya neden olabilmekte ve çeşitli potansiyel zararlı bileşikler oluşabilmektedir. Bunlar içerisinden heterosiklik aromatik aminler, akrilamid ve polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonların birçok çalışmada karsinojenik ve genotoksik nitelikte oldukları ispatlanmıştır. Bu karsinojenik bileşikleri ortadan kaldırmak için çeşitli fiziksel ya da kimyasal yöntemler olmasına rağmen bu yöntemlerin yeterince etkin kullanılmaması insan sağlığı için güvenilir ve başarılı alternatif yöntemlere ihtiyacı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Yararlı mikroorganizmalar olarak bilinen probiyotik bakterilerin antikarsinojenik etkileri ve hücre duvarı yapısından kaynaklı bağlanma yeteneklerinden yola çıkılarak diyet mutajenlerine bağlanabileceği ve bu şekilde detoksifiye (toksik etkileri yok etme) edebileceği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu derlemede de probiyotik bakterilerin besinlerde ısıl işlem sonucu oluşan karsinojenik bileşikler üzerindeki detoksifiye edici etkisini inceleyen araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir.

AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD IN DETOXIFICATION OF FOOD CARCINOGENES: PROBIOTICS

Traditional heat treatments (eg frying, baking) used in food preparation and cooking are applications to improve the reliability and consumption of food. However, these thermal processes can lead to deterioration in the quality of the final product by protein denaturation, changes in the solubility of carbohydrates, vitamin degradation, and fat oxidation, and various potentially harmful compounds can occur unintentionally. Among them, heterocyclic aromatic amines, acrylamide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have proved to be carcinogenic and genotoxic in many studies. Although there are various physical or chemical methods to eliminate these carcinogenic compounds, the ineffective use of these methods has created the need for safe and successful alternative methods for human health. It is emphasized that probiotic bacteria, known as beneficial microorganisms, can bind to the diet mutagens based on their anticarcinogenic effects and binding ability from the cell wall structure and in this way it is thought to detoxify (eliminate toxic effects) them. In this review, the studies investigating the detoxification effect of probiotic bacteria on carcinogenic compounds resulting from heat treatment in foods are evaluated.

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