Kamu örgütlerinin değişiminde kurumsal çevreyi oyuna sokmak: PTT örneğinde nitel bir araştırma

Çalışma, kamu örgütlerinin değişimini yeni kurumsal kuram perspektifinden ele almak ve bu kapsamda “kamu örgütlerinin değişiminde neden ve nasıl” sorularına yanıt bulmak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Kamu örgütlerinin değişim sürecini PTT (Posta Telgraf Teşkilatı) örneğinde açıklayan bu çalışmada, kamu örgütlerinin kurumsal çevrelerinin talepleri doğrultusunda ve zorlayıcı, normatif ve taklitçi mekanizmalar vasıtasıyla yaratılan kurumsal uyum gereğince özel işletmelere benzeşerek değişebilecekleri belirlenmiştir.

Bringing Institutional environment into play in the change of public organizations: A qualitative study in the case of PTT

This study has been designed to address the change of the public organizations from the perspective of new institutional theory, and to find answers for questions of “how and what in the change of public organizations” in this regard. In this study exploring change process of the public organizations in the case of PTT (The General Directorate of Post and Telegraph Organization), it has been determined that public organizations can change as resembling to for-profit organizations, in line with the demands of the institutional environments, and for institutional conformity created through coercive, normative and mimetic mechanisms.

___

  • Andrews, R., Boyne, G. A., Walker, R. M. (2011), “Dimensions of Publicness and Organizational Performance: A Review of the Evidence”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 20, s. i301–i319
  • Akcan, A. (2011), Türkiye’de Posta Sektörü’nün Liberalleşmesi isimli konferans kitapçığındaki konuşması, s.129.
  • www.haberis.org.tr/dosya/posta_sektorunun_liberallesmesi.pdf (02.02.2012)
  • Ateş, H. (2004), “Management as an Agent of CulturalChange in theTurkish Public Sector”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol. 14, No. 1, s. 33–58
  • Ay, D. (2009), Osman Tural Röportajı, Euronews Dergisi-Şubat, http://www.ptt.gov.tr/?wapp=interviews Detailtr&did=FDB21526-1253-443D-8212-1DD4246D2E34 (23.02.2012)
  • Beckert, J. (2010), “How Do Fields Change? The Interrelations of Institutions, Networks, and Cognition in the Dynamics of Markets”. Organization Studies Vol. 31. s.605-627
  • Berg, B. L. (2001), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston: Allynand Bacon
  • Brewerton, P. M., Millward L. (2001), Organizational Research Methods. California: Sage
  • Brunsson, N., Sahlin-Andersson. K. (2000), “Constructing Organizations: The Example of Public Sector Reform”, Organization Studies, Vol: 21, s. 721-746
  • Carvera, A., Molla A., Sanchez M. (2001), “Antecedents and consequences of market orientation in public organisations”,European Journal of Marketing, Vol.35 (11/12),s.1259-1286
  • Çetin, V. R. (2007), Posta Hizmetlerinin Serbestleştirilmesi ve Regülasyonu: Türkiye Posta Sektörü Reformu İçin Bir Öneri, Basılmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara: DPT
  • Dacin, M. T. (1997), “Isomorphism in Context: The Power and Prescription of Institutional Norms”. The Academy of Management Journal. Vol: 40(1). s. 46-81
  • Dacin, M. T., Goodstein, J., Scott W. R. (2002), “Institutional Theory and Institutional Change: Introduction to the Special Research Forum”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 45, No. 1, s. 43-56
  • DiMaggio, P. J., Powell, W. W. (1983), “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 48(2), s. 147-160
  • Doğukan, S. (2008), PTT Genel Müdürü Osman Tural Röportajı, Aralık-2008, http://www.ptt.gov.tr/?wapp= interviewsDetail_tr&did=BCC14681-2270-40FF-BD32-149CF2839D57 (23.02.2012)
  • DPT (2007), Dokuzuncu Kalkınma Planı: Posta Hizmetleri Alt Hizmet Komisyonu Raporu, Yay. No: 2748 ÖİK: 695, Ankara: DPT
  • Eryılmaz, B. (2011), Kamu Yönetimi, Ankara: Okutman Yayınları
  • Frumkin, P., Galaskiewicz, J. (2004), “Institutional Isomorphism and Public Sector Organizations”, Journal of Public Administration ResearchandTheory, Vol. 14 (3), s. 283-307
  • Friedland, R., Alford, R. R. (1991), “Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices, and Institutional Contradictions”, Powell W.Walter. ve DiMaggio Paul.J. (Ed.). The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis içinde s.232-263. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago
  • Güler, B. A. (2004), “Kamu Yönetimi Temel Kanunu Üzerine”, Hukuk ve Adalet-Eleştiri Hukuk Dergisi, Yıl: 1(2), s.1-31
  • Hood, C. (1991), “A Public Management for All Seasons?”, Public Administration, Vol. 69, s.3-19
  • Kettle, D. F. (2005), The Global Public Management Revolution. Washington: Brookings Institution Press
  • Kıyan, Z. (2010), “GATS ve Küreselleşen Kamu Hizmetleri: Türkiye ve Telekomünikasyon Örneği”,http://perweb.firat.edu.tr/personel/yayinlar/fua_1624/1624_61541.pdf (10.02.2012)
  • Kibar, Y. Ş., Cantekinler, M. K., Ulaşanoğlu, M. E. (2011), Posta Sektörünün Düzenlenmesi, Ankara: BTİK
  • Lounsbury, M. (2002), “Institutional Transformation and Status Mobility: The Professionalization of the Field of Finance”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol: 45(1), s.255-266
  • Meier, K. J., O’Toole Jr., L. J. (2011), “ComparingP ublic and Private Management: Theoretical Expectations”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Vol.21, s. i283–i299
  • Meyer, J. W., Rowan, B. (1977), “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony”. The American Journal of Sociology. Vol.83(2). s.340-363
  • Meyer, J. W. (1994), “Rationalized Environments”, Editör: W.Richard Scott ve John W. Meyer, Institutional Environments and Organizations, içinde s. 28-53, California: Sage
  • Meyer, R. E., Hammerschmid, G. (2006), “ChangingInstitutional Logics and Executive Identities : A Managerial Challenge to Public Administrationin Austria”, American Behavioral Scientist, Vol: 49 (7), s. 1000-1014
  • Mizruchi, M. S., Fein, L. C. (1999), “The social construction of organizational knowledge: A study of the uses of coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphism”.ASQ, Vol: 44. s.653–684.
  • Munir, K. A. (2002), “Being different: How normative and cognitive aspects of institutional environments influence technology transfer”.Human Relations. Volume 55(12). s.1403–1428
  • Murray, M. A. (1975), “Comparing Public and Private Management”, Public Administration Review, July- August, 1975, s. 364-371
  • OECD. (2002), Regulatory Reforms in the Telecommunications Industry.
  • http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/ 40/13/1840797.pdf (02.03.2012)
  • Ökmen, M., Canan, K. (2009), “Avrupa Birligi’ne Üyelik Sürecinde Türk Kamu Yönetimi” Yönetim ve Ekonomi,Yıl:2009 Cilt:16(1), s. 139-171
  • Powell, W.W. (1991), “Expanding the Scope of Institutional Analysis”, The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis içinde s. 183-203. Powell W.W. ve DiMaggio P.J. (Ed.). Chicago: TheUniversity of Chicago Press.
  • PTT (2011), Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Posta Hizmetlerine İlişkin Sektör Raporu-2010, Ankara: TC PTT Gnl. Md. Tant. ve Paz. Daire Bşk.
  • PTT (2010), Faaliyet Raporu, http://www.ptt.gov.tr/?wapp=statistics_tr (22.03.2012)
  • Rowan, B. (1982), “Organizational Structure and Institutional Environment: The Case of Public School” ASQ. Vol: 27. s.259-279
  • Ruef , M., Scott, W. R. (1998), “A Multidimensional Model of Organizational Legitimacy: Hospital Survival in Changing Institutional Environments” ASQ. Vol: 43, s. 877-904
  • Scott, W. R. (1992), "Introduction: From Technology to Environment". Eds: Meyer F. John ve Scott W. Richard. Organizational Environments içinde s.13-21. California: Sage
  • Scott, W. R. (1995), Insitutions and Organizations, California: Sage
  • Scott, W. R. (2001), Institutions and Organizations. California: Sage
  • Scott , W. R. (2003), Organizations: Rational, Natural and Open Systems, New Jersey: Prentice Hall
  • Scott, W. R. (2008), “Lords of the Dance: Professionals as Institutitonal Agents”, Organization Studies, Vol: 29(02), s. 219-238
  • Sözen, S., Shaw I. (2002), “The international applicability of “new” public management: lessons from Turkey”. The International Journal of PublicSector Management, Vol: 15(6), s.475-486
  • Steward, J., Walsh, K. (1992), “Change in the Management of Public Services”, Public Administration, Vol. 70. s.499-518
  • Suddaby, R. (2010), “Challenges for Institutional Theory”, Journal of Management Inquiry, Vol. 19. s.14-20
  • Tolbert , P. S., Zucker, L. G. (1983), “Institutional Sources of Change in the Formal Structure of Organizations: The Diffusion of Civil Service Reform, 1880-1935”. ASQ. Vol.28. s. 22-39
  • Tural, O. (2011), Türkiye’de Posta Sektörü’nün Liberalleşmesi isimli konferans kitapçığındaki konuşması, s.27.
  • www.haberis.org.tr/dosya/posta_sektorunun_liberallesmesi.pdf (02.02.2012) Tural, O. (2012), Birinci Dergisi Röportajı, Şubat-2012 http://www.ptt.gov.tr/?wapp=interviewsDetail_tr&did= 40E61235-9FDB-4B87-AE90-ABB5E82EE009 (23.02.2012)
  • Türel, O. (2001), “Resturcting the Public Sector in-Post 1980 Turkey: An Assessment”, Eds: Hassan Hakimian ve Ziba Moshaver. The State and Global Change içinde s. 178-211. Surrey: Curzen Press
  • Van de Ven, A. H., Hargrave, T. J. (2004), “Social, Technical and Institutional Change: A Literature Review and Synthesis”, Eds: Poole M. Scott ve Van de Ven H. Andrew, Handbook of Organizational Change and Innovation içinde s. 259-304, NY: Oxford UP
  • Walker, R. M., Brewer, G. A., Boyne, G. A., Avellaneda, C. N. (2011), “Market Orientation and Public Service Performance: New Public Management Gone Mad?”. Public Administration Review. September-October 2011. s. 707-717
  • Yılmaz, A. (2007), “AB’ye Uyum Sürecinde Türk Kamu Yönetiminin Dönüşümü Üzerine Notlar”, DPÜ-SBE Dergisi, Sayı: 17, s.215-240
  • Yin, R. K. (2003), Case Study Research. California: Sage
  • ABGS/Avrupa Birliği Genel Sekreterliği (2005), Postal Services: Competition Rules in Postal Services.
  • http://www.abgs.gov.tr/tarama/tarama_files/03/SC03DET_postal%20services.pdf (22.03.2012)
  • http://www.ptt.gov.tr/source.cms.docs/ptt.org.tr.ce/docs/istatistik/faaliyet2010.pdf
  • http://www.sonsayfa.com/Haberler/Guncel/PTTnin-dunyada-ilk-olmak-185180.html (20.02.2012)
  • http://ptt.gov.tr/index.dyn?wapp=interviewsDetail_tr&did=422D9643-22FD-441E-836D-70D6846D8A4E (02.02.2012)
  • http://ptt.gov.tr/index.dyn?wapp=interviewsDetail_tr&did=800606CF-4DCA-47E7-9157-D32408541C47 (02.02.2012)
  • http://uidb.ptt.gov.tr/gorev_ab_sb.html (02.02.2012)
  • http://www.mafhoum.com/press7/229T41.pdf (13.02.2012)
  • http://www.istenhaber.com/ptt-nasil-dirildi/ (15.01.2012)
  • Düzenleyici Metinler
  • Resmi Gazete (1950), Posta Kanunu, Kanun No: 5584, RG Tarih ve Sayı: 8/3/1950: 7451, Ankara
  • Resmi Gazete, (2000), PTT Genel Müdürlüğü Ana Statüsü, R.G. 22.02.2000, Sayı.23972, Ankara
  • Resmi Gazete (2003), Karayolu Taşıma Kanunu, Kanun No: 4925, RG Tarih ve Sayı: 19/7/2003: 25173, Ankara
  • Resmi Gazete (2009), Karayolları Taşıma Yönetmeliği, RG. Tarih ve Sayı: 11.06.2009: 27255