Asansör Kabininin Farklı Konumu İçin Kılavuz Raylarında Oluşan Gerilme Dağılımının Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu ile Analizi

Asansör kabini asansör kuyusu içinde bir kaide üzerinde kılavuz raylar aracılığıyla aşağı-yukarı hareket etmektedir. Kılavuz raylar hareket sırasında ani hareket dalgalarının meydana getirdiği zorlanmalar nedeniyle hasar görebilirler. Çalışma ani hareket dalgalanmaları sırasında kılavuz raylarda oluşan gerilmelerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 10 katlı her katında 2 daire bulunan 10 kişilik bir asansörün trafik hesabı dikkate alınmıştır. Kabin yüklemelerine bağlı olarak kabin kılavuz raylarında oluşacak gerilmeler ANSYS21.R2’de ANSYS Workbench ile maksimum 6300 N’luk yükün kabin zemininde etki ettiği ve 1.5 güvenlik faktöründe Sonlu elemanlar analizi ile incelenmiştir. Teorik ve analiz sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Merkezden kılavuzlanmış asılı kabin güvenlik durumu için teorik Normal gerilme 3,407 MPa, Von misses gerilmesi 5,735 MPa, analizde normal gerilme 12,182 MPa ve Von-misses gerilmesi 17,933 MPa olarak elde edilmişlerdir. Merkezden kaçık tip kabin güvenlik tertibatında teorik Normal gerilme 4,32 MPa, Von misses gerilmesi 7,705 MPa, analizde normal gerilme 15,401 MPa, Von-misses gerilmesi 22,4 MPa dır. Yandan kılavuzlanmış kabin güvenlik tertibatında teorik Normal gerilme 9.052 MPa, Von-misses gerilmesi 12.438 MPa, analizde normal gerilme 31.139 MPa, Von-misses gerilmesi 48.234 MPa olarak elde edilmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, teorik elde edilen normal ve Von misses gerilmelerinin analizde elde edilen normal ve Von-misses gerilmelerinden daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Buna göre en uygun kabin tipinin merkezden kılavuzlanmış kabin tipi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Asansör, Gerilme analizi, Kabin kılavuz rayları, Sonlu elemanlar metodu

Analysis of Stress Distribution Occurring in Guide Rails for Different Positions of Elevator Car by Finite Element Method

The elevator car moves up and down by means of guide rails on a pedestal inside the hoistway. Guide rails can be damaged during movement due to the stresses caused by suddenly movement waves. The study was carried out to determine the stresses that occur in the guide rails during sudden movement fluctuations. In the study, the traffic calculation of a 10-person elevator with 2 apartments on each floor of 10 floors was taken into account. The stresses that will occur in the car guide rails depending on the car loadings were investigated in ANSYS21.R2 with ANSYS Workbench, where a maximum load of 6300 N acts on the car floor and with a finite element analysis with a safety factor of 1,5. Theoretical and analysis results were compared. Theoretical and analysis results were compared. Theoretical Normal stress is 3,407 MPa, Von-misses stress is 5,735 MPa, normal stress is 12,182 MPa and Von-misses stress 17,933 MPa in the analysis for the centrally guided suspended cabin safety condition. For decentralized cabinet safety situation, stresses were obtained 4,32 and 7,705 MPa Normal stress, Von-misses stress in theory, 15,401 and 22,4 MPa Normal stress and Von-misses stresses in analysis, respectively. In the side-guided cabin safety gear, the theoretical Normal stress was 9,052 MPa, the Von-misses stress was 12,438 MPa, the normal stress was 31,139 MPa, and the Von-misses stress was 48,234 MPa in the analysis. As a result, it was seen that the normal and Von-misses stresses obtained in theory were lower than the normal and Von-misses stresses obtained in the numerical analysis. Accordingly, it has been determined that the most suitable cabin type is the centrally guided cabin type.

Keywords:

Elevator, Stress analysis, Car guide rails, Finite element method,

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