Petrol Fiyatları-Büyüme Oranları İlişkisinin Var Analizi Yöntemiyle Test Edilmesi

Petrol, emtia piyasasının en önemli ürünlerinden birisidir. Gerek tüketim amaçlı gerekse pek çok sektörde hammadde olarak kullanılan önemli bir enerji kaynağı- dır. Petrol fiyatları, çeşitli parametrelerden etkilenmektedir. Petrol fiyatlarının be- lirlenmesinde en temel unsur arz ve taleptir. Petrol fiyatları kısa dönemde petrol üreticilerinin davranışları, petrol arzının sınırlılığı, spekülatif hareketler ve eko- nomik krizler ile açıklanırken; uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme, alternatif ener- ji kaynakları ve petrol üreticilerinin davranışları petrol fiyatlarının belirlenmesinde etkili olmaktadır. 1970’li yıllarda petrol fiyatları ile ekonomik aktivite arasında ne- gatif yönlü sağlam bir ilişki tespit edilmişken 1980’li yılların ortalarından itibaren simetrik ilişkinin kaybolduğu görülmüştür. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasında spekü- latif faaliyetler, alternatif enerji kaynakları, teknolojik gelişme ve spot piyasalar vb faktörler etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, 1970-2012 dönemi yıllık dünya petrol fi- yatları ile ABD, Çin, Hindistan, Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkeler ve Türkiye’nin aynı dö- nemine ait büyüme oranları arasındaki ilişki VAR analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, dünya petrol fiyatlarının ABD ve Avrupa Birliği’ne üye 27 ülke ortalamasındaki büyüme oranları üzerindeki etkisi yüksek olmakla birlik- te ele alınan diğer ülkelerde iki değişken arasında nedensellik ilişkisi bulunama- mıştır. Varyans ayrıştırması ve etki tepki analizi sonuçlarına göre, ABD ve Avru- pa Birliği’ne ait büyüme oranlarının petrol fiyatları tarafından açıklanma gücü di- ğer ülkelerden daha yüksek ve bu ikisinin büyüme oranlarının petrol fiyatlarına gösterdiği tepkinin süresi diğer ülkelerden daha uzundur.

Testing of the Relationship between Oil Prices-Growth Rates with Var Analysis

Oil is one of the most important product in the commodity market. It is an impor- tant source of energy for used as raw materials in many sectors as well as con- sumption. Oil prices are effected by various parameters. Supply and demand are the main factors in determining oil prices, Oil prices are explain with behaviour of oil producers, scarcity of oil supply, speculative activities and economic crisis in the short term. However economic growth, alternative energy sources and beha- viour of oil producers effective in determining of the oil price in the long term. A negative solid correlation between oil prices and economic activity was proved in 1970’s but this symmetrical relationship has disappeared since the mid-1980’s. Such as speculatives activities, alternative energy sources, tecnological deve- lopment and spot markets etc. have been effective in emergence of this situation. In this study, the relation between the growth rates among the USA, China, India, European Union and Turkey and the annual oil prices of the world in the period of 1970-2012 has been explained with VAR analysis. According to the findings, ef- fects of the oil prices on the growth rate is highly in USA and EU which in avera- ge of the state of 27. On the other hand, causality relation isn’t found between in two variables in other countries. İn according to variance decomposition and anl- ysis of the impulse response, power of the explanation of oil prices to growth rate is highly and response time is longer in USA and EU than the other countries.

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