Yapıyı Bükmek: Yapısalcılık ve Postyapısalcılık Ekseninde Jacques Lacan

Lacan’ın düşüncelerinde yapısalcı ve postyapısalcı öğeleri bulmak mümkündür ve Lacancı özne kavramı ancak Lacan’ın bu ikisi arasında nerede konumlandığının anlaşılması ile açıklık kazanır. Lacan’ın yapısalcı ya da postyapısalcı olduğuna dair ileri sürülen farklı düşünceleri çıkış noktası alan bu çalışma, onunla ilgili bu sınıflandırmaları onun teori ve fikirleri çerçevesinde sorunsallaştırır. Bu çalışmada, Lacan’ın yapısalcı olarak nitelendirildiği ilk dönemlerindeki kuramsal tartışmalarında postyapısalcı nüveler barındırırken, postyapısalcı düşüncelerini ürettiği sonraki dönemlerde ise bu düşüncelerini daha önceki yapısalcı fikirlerine dayandırdığını ileri sürmekteyiz. Yapısalcılık ve Postyapısalcılık arasında süregelen bir diyalog oluşturması bakımından Lacan epistemolojisindeki bu değişim Roland Barthes’da gözlemlenen değişime denktir: Lacan her iki yaklaşımı bir araya getirerek bu iki konum arasında eşik görevi görürken aynı zamanda, çalışmalarının ilerleyen dönemlerinde görüldüğü üzere, yapısalcılık ve postyapısalcılık arasındaki uçuruma vurgu yaparak bir ayrışma noktası da sunar.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Jacques Lacan, Derrida, Saussure, Yapısalcılık, Postyapısalcılık

Bending the Structure: Jacques Lacan Along the Axis of Structuralism and Poststructuralism

Lacan wrote and generated ideas at the intersection of structuralism and poststructuralism, and the question of where he stands in this intersection is crucial to understand his conception of the subject. This essay takes the multiplicity of views on Lacan as a structuralist and a poststructuralist as its starting point and aims to weigh these labels against the background of his specific theories and views. We suggest that in his early phase when he was categorised as a structuralist, he had the seeds of his later poststructuralist phase, and when he was generating his poststructuralist ideas, he was building them on his structuralist legacy. This evolution is similar to that of Roland Barthes in that he establishes an ongoing dialog between structuralism and poststructuralism: he is both a threshold figure suggesting an amalgam of these movements, but he is also a dividing figure as his evolution points at the unbridgeable rupture between structuralism and poststructuralism.

Keywords:

Jacques Lacan, Derrida, Saussure, Structuralism, Poststructuralism,

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