Parkinson Hastalığının Etyopatogenezi
Parkinson hastalığı (PH), bazal ganglionlardan, başta substansia nigra olmak üzere, diğer beyinsapı pigmentli nöronlarını da etkileyen dejeneratif bir süreç olup, tüm parkinsonizm olgularının%80’ini oluşturur. Başlıca klinik belirtileri istirahat tremoru, bradikinezi, rijidite ve postüralrefleks bozukluğudur. Prevalans çalışmaları 65 yaşın üstündeki nüfusun yaklaşık %1’inin buhastalığa tutulduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye için prevalans 111/100 000 olarak bildirilmiştir.Günümüzde bu hastalığın semptomlarının gelişmesinden sorumlu olan nigral dejenerasyonun nedenibilinmemektedir. Ancak yapılan çalışmalar dikkate alındığında, kalıtsal yatkınlık, çevresel toksinler veyaşlanmanın bu süreçte önemli bir rol oynadığını ve etyopatogenezde multifaktöriyel nedenlerin öneçıktığını görmekteyiz. Son zamanlarda bulunan genetik ve biyokimyasal veriler ışığında genetik ve/veya çevresel nedenlerle hasara uğrayan ubiquitin-proteozom sisteminin İdiopatik Parkinson Hastalığı(İPH)’nın patogenezinden sorumlu ana mekanizma olduğu düşünülmektedir.Biz bu makalede PH’nin etyopatogenezindeki moleküllerin ve süreçlerin toplu halde bir değerlendirmesiniyaptık.
Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative process that affects other brain stem pigmented neurons,primarily from the basal ganglia, primarily the substantia nigra, accounting for 80% of all parkinsonismcases. The main clinical indication is resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural refleximpairment. Prevalence studies indicate that approximately 1% of the population over 65 years of ageis being admitted to this disease. The prevalence for Turkey has been reported as 111/100 000.Thecause of nigral degeneration, which is responsible for the development of symptoms of this diseasenowadays, is unknown. However, considering the studies done, we see that hereditary predisposition,environmental toxins and aging play an important role in this process, and multifactorial causes areprevalent in etiopathogenesis. The ubiquitin-proteosome system, which has recently been damaged bygenetic and / or environmental causes in the genetic and biochemical signal light, is thought to bethe main mechanism responsible for the pathogenesis of IPD.In this article, we made a collective assessment of the molecules and processes in the etiopathogenesisof PD.
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