Evaluation of Oxidative Protein Damage in Patients with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh

Objective: Oxidative stress (OS) has been linked to the development and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). Although maintaining the redox status of protein is crucial for proper cellular function, proteins are likely to be damaged by OS. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate oxidative protein damage (OPD) in patients with DM. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 participants were recruited, of whom 16 were patients with type 1 DM (T1DM), 84 were patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), and 60 were healthy control subjects. The activities of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO); total oxidative stress (TOS), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), oxidative stress index (OSI); serum albumin; OPD markers-total thiols (T-SH), protein carbonyls (PCO), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were assessed. Results: The activities of serum NOX and MPO were significantly higher in both DM groups compared to controls. Significantly higher TOS and OSI and lower FRAP values were observed in both DM groups than in controls (p<0.001, for all). In patients, the levels of albumin and T-SH were significantly lower, but PCO was significantly elevated, while AOPP was higher in T1DM and significantly elevated in T2DM compared to controls. Correlation analyses between these parameters linked hyperglycemia with enhanced NOX, MPO and AOPP, and decreased FRAP and T-SH in diabetic patients. Further, significant correlations of albumin with T-SH and AOPP suggested an association of OS with hypoalbuminemia. Conclusion: These findings highlight that hyperglycemia induces enhanced OS and consequent protein damage in both T1DM and T2DM patients.

Keywords:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Oxidative protein damage Advanced oxidation protein products, Total thiols, Ferric reducing ability of plasma, Type 1 diabetes mellitus,

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