___

• 1. Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanism: a new theory. Science 1965; 150: 971-9.
• 2. Kişnişçi R, Bulut ÖE, Bebek T. Dişhekimliğinde Ağrı, 1. Baskı, Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği, 2002.
• 3. Fahimeh F, Zebarjad SM, Alizadeh S, Ahrari F. Pain reduction after initial archwire placement in orthodontic patients: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 141: 169-73.
• 4. Murdock S, Phillips C, Khondker Z, Hershey HG. Treatment of pain after initial archwire placement: a noninferiority randomized clinical trial comparing over the counter analgesics and bite-wafer use. Am J Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137: 316-23.
• 5. Otasevic M, Naini FB, Gill DS, Lee RT. Prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of a mascitory bite waffer and avoidance of hard food on pain associated with initial orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 130: 6.e9-e15.
• 6. Okeson JP. Bell’s Orofacial Pain. 5th ed. Carol Stream, IL, Quintessence Publishing Co; 1995.
• 7. Korszun A. Facial pain, depression and stres: connections and directions. J Oral Pathol Med 2002; 31 :615-9.
• 8. Pilling LF. Psychosomatic aspects of facial pain. In: Alling CC, Mahan PE. Facial Pain. Ed. Philadelphia: Lea&Febiger 1977;p.213-26.
• 9. Alhaija ESA, AlDaikki A, Al-Omairi MK, Al-Khateeb SN. The relationship between personality traits, pain perception and attitude toward orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2010; 80: 1141-9.
• 10. Rotter JB. Generalized expectancies fpr internal vs. external control of reinforcement. Psychol Monogr 1966; 80: 1-28.
• 11. Riley JL, Robinson ME, Wise EA. Sex differences in the perception of noxious experimental stimuli. A metaanalysis. Pain 1998; 74: 181-7.
• 12. Scheurer PA, Firestone A, Bürgin WB. Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fix appliance. Eur J Orthod 1996; 18: 349-57.
• 13. Bergius M, Kiliaridis S, Berggen U. Pain in orthodontics. A review and discussion of the literature. J Orofac Orthop 2000; 61: 125-37.
• 14. Ngan P, Bradford K, Wilson S. Perception of discomfort by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989; 96: 47-53.
• 15. Scott P, Sherriff M, Dibiase AT, Cobourne MT. Perception of discomfort during initial orthodontic tooth alignment using a self-ligating or conventional bracket system: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod 2008; 30: 227-32.
• 16. Fleming PS, Dibiase A, Sarri G, Lee RT.Pain experience during initial alignment with a self-ligating and a conventional fixed orthodontic appliance system. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Angle Orthod 2009; 79: 46-50.
• 17. Pringle AM, Petrie A, Cunningham SJ,Mc Knight M. Prospective randomized clinical trial to compare pain levels associated with 2 orthodontic fixed bracked systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 136: 160-7.
• 18. Jones ML. An investigation into the initial discomfort caused by placement of an archwire. Eur J Orthod 1984; 6: 48-54.
• 19. Fernandes LM, Ogaard B, Skoglund L. Pain and discommfort experienced after placement of a conventional or a superelastic NiTi aligning archwire. A randomized clinical trial. J Orofac Orthop 1998; 59: 331-9.
• 20. Brown DF, Moerenhout RG. The pain experience and psychological adjustment to orthodontic treatment of preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991; 100: 349-56.
• 21. Jones M, Chan C. The pain and discomfort experienced during orthodontic treatment. A randomised controlled clinical trial of two initial aligning arch wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992; 102: 373-81.
• 22. Jones M, Richmond S. Initial tooth movement: force application and pain- a relationship.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1985; 88: 111-6.
• 23. Erdinç AM, Dinçer B. Perception of pain during orthodontic teratment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orhod 2004; 26: 79-85.
• 24. Tecco S, D’Attilio M, Tete S, Festa F. Prevalence and type of pain during conventional and self-ligating orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 2009; 31: 380-4.
• 25. Wu AKY, McGrath C, Wong RWK, Wiechmann D. A comparison of pain experienced bt patients treated with labial and lingual orthodontic appliances.Eur J Orthod 2010; 32: 403- 7.
• 26. Bondemark L, Fredriksson K, Ilros S. Separation effect and perception of pain and discomfort from two types of orthodontic separators. World J Orthod 2004; 5: 172-6.
• 27. Wilson S, Nygan P, Kess B. Time course of the discomfort in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Pediatr Dent 1989; 11: 107-10.
• 28. Law SLS, Southard KS, Law AS. An evaluation of postoperative ibuprofen treatment of pain associated with orthodontic separator placement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000; 118: 629-35.
• 29. Bernhardt MK, Southard KA, Batterson K. The effect of preemptive and/or postoperative ibuprofen therapy for orthodontic pain. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001; 120: 20-27.
• 30. Gianelly AA, Goldman HM. Tooth movement. In: biological basis of orthodontics. Ed. Philadelphia: Lea&Febiger 1971; pp 116-204.
• 31. Smith BR, Flanary CM, Hurst LL, Rugh JD. Effects of orthodontic archwire changes on masseter muscle activity. Journal of Dental Research 1984; 63: 258.
• 32. Tuncer Z, Özsoy FS, Polat Ö. Selfreported pain associated with the use of intermaxillary elastics compared to pain experienced after initial archwire placement. Angle Orthod 2011; 81: 807-11.
• 33. Sergl HG, Klages U, Zentner A pain and discomfort during orthodontic treatment causative factors and effect on compliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998; 114: 684-91.
• 34. Stewart FN, Kerr WJS, Taylor PJS. Appliance wear, the patient’s point of view. Eur J Orthod 1997; 19: 377-82.
• 35. Mikinori O, Kamimura H, Al-Kalaly A, Nagayama K, Taira K, Nagata J, Miyawaki S. Pain intensity during the first 7 days following the application of light and heavy continuous forces. Eur J Orthod 2009; 31: 314-9.
• 36. Mao JJ, Wang X, Kopher RA. Biomechanics of craniofacial sutures-orthopedic implications. Angle Orthod 2003; 73: 128-35.
• 37. Handelman CS. Nonsurgical rapid maxillary alveolar expansion in adults: a clinical evaluation. Angle Orthod 1997; 67: 291-305.
• 38. Schuster G, Borel SI, Schopf PM: Frequency of and complications in the use of RPE appliances-results of a survey in the Federal State of Hesse, Germany. J Orofac Orthop 2005; 66: 148-61.
• 39. Ergolf RJ, Be Gole KA, Upshaw HS. Factors associated with orthodontic patient compliance with intra oral elastics and headgear wear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990; 97: 336-48.
• 40. Cureton SL. Headgear and pain. J Clin Orthod 1994; 28: 525-30.
• 41. Nygan PW, Yiu C, Hagg U. Masticatory muscle pain before, during and after treatment with orthopedic protraction headgear: a pilot study. Angle Orthod 1997; 67: 433-8.
• 42. Williams OL, Bishara SE. Patients discomfort levels at the time of debonding. . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992; 101: 313-7.
• 43. Rinchuse DJ. Pain free debonding with occlusal rim wax. J Clin Orthod 1994; 28: 587-8.
• 44. Krukemeyer AM, Arruda AO, Inglehart MR. Pain and Orthodontic Treatment. Angle Orthod 2009; 79: 1175-81.
• 45. Firestone AR, Scheurer PA, Bürgin WB. Patients anticipation of pain and pain-related side effects, and their perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod 1999; 21: 387-96.
• 46. Güzeldemir ME. Pain Assessment Methods Sendrom 1995;11-21.